REGISTERED NUMBER: 15923466 (England and Wales)

Group Strategic Report,

Report of the Directors and

Consolidated Financial Statements

for the Year Ended 31 March 2025

for

WRPS Group Holding Limited

Page

Company Information

1

Group Strategic Report

2

Report of the Directors

4

Report of the Independent Auditors

6

Consolidated Income Statement

10

Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income

11

Consolidated Balance Sheet

12

Company Balance Sheet

13

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

14

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

15

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

16

Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

17

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

18

DIRECTORS:

B Grime

Mrs D Grime

REGISTERED OFFICE:

217 Halliwell Road

Bolton

United Kingdom

BL1 3NT

REGISTERED NUMBER:

15923466 (England and Wales)

AUDITORS:

DKR Audit Services Ltd

36 Lichfield Street

Walsall

West Midlands

WS1 1TJ

The directors present their strategic report of the company and the group for the year ended 31 March 2025.

The group is newly formed in the 2025 year, following a group restructure, involving the acquisition of 100% of the share capital in WRPS Group Limited which has been trading for many years. As the consolidation has been accounted for using merger accounting, the results have been presented as though the group has always been in place.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS

The turnover for the year consisted primarily from local council and housing association projects throughout the UK. The statement of comprehensive income shows turnover for the year of £19.77m (2024: £13.90m) and profit before tax for the year of £3.97m (2024: £2.32m).

Turnover has increased by 42.2%, with a gross profit margin of 39.3% in 2025 and 40.5% in 2024. Gross margin has decreased slightly, with continuous monitoring of costs being undertaken, based on past experience of rising costs of material, fuel and labour. This is deemed the norm across the whole construction industry.

The balance sheet continues to strengthen showing a net asset position of £12.02m (2024: £10.40m).

The group has performed financially, operationally and strategically in line with management expectations for the year ended 31 March 2025 and the directors plan to maintain these standards of performance going forward. The directors are satisfied with the company's performance to date.

Employee turnover and attendance has maintained consistent and positive performance, as in previous years.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

We consider the principle risks and uncertainties to the business being related to the current economic climate and rising costs. However, we believe that the company has remained well positioned to adapt and respond to market changes and economic challenges, with projects constantly being reviewed. The group has grown from strength to strength and has sufficient resources to continue to trade for the foreseeable future.

Detail surrounding the key risks are as follows:

Price risk

The group continually seeks competitive and reliable suppliers for the majority of supplies received for use in the business.

Credit risk

All customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. Receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis and provision is made for doubtful debts where necessary.

Liquidity risk

The group manages its cash to maximise interest income, whilst ensuring that the company has sufficient liquid resources to meet the operating needs of the business.

Legislation

New or proposed legislation governing all aspects of the business are routinely reviewed. The business is committed to responding positively to new regulations.

DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE

The group continues to quote for new construction contracts and further development opportunities with existing clients. The group has established strong relationships with its client base over many years due to the excellent reputation achieved from completing projects on time and being within budget.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Key performance indicators include the monitoring and the management of profitability and working capital.

Turnover - £19,765,408 (2024: £13,896,429)

Gross profit - £7,777,128 (2024: £5,621,598)

GP% - 39.3% (2024: 40.5%)

Profit before taxation - £3,968,999 (2024: £2,324,807)

Current ratio - 3.6:1 (2024: 4.5:1)

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

B Grime - Director

29 December 2025

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the year ended 31 March 2025.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY

The principal activity of the group in the year under review was that of building and scaffolding contractors.

DIVIDENDS

An interim dividend of £500,000 per share on the Ordinary £1 shares was paid on 20 January 2025. The directors recommend that no final dividend be paid on these shares.

No interim dividend was paid on the Ordinary B £1 shares. The directors recommend that no final dividend be paid on these shares.

The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 March 2025 will be £ 1,344,125 .

Of the £1,344,125 paid as dividends in the year, £344,125 was paid out to existing shareholders of the subsidiary company, WRPS Group Limited. This occurred before the group restructure took place.

DIRECTORS

The directors who have held office during the period from 1 April 2024 to the date of this report are as follows:

B Grime - appointed 29 August 2024

Mrs D Grime - appointed 29 August 2024

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES

The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-	select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

-	make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

-	prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information.

AUDITORS

The auditors, DKR Audit Services Ltd, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

B Grime - Director

29 December 2025

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of WRPS Group Holding Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 March 2025 which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

-	give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 31 March 2025 and of the group's profit for the year then ended;

-	have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

-	have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

-	the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

-	the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

-	adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

-	the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

-	certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

-	we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

We obtain and update our understanding of the entity, its activities, its control environment, and likely future developments, including in relation to the legal and regulatory framework applicable and how the entity is complying with that framework. Based on this understanding, we identify and assess risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. This includes consideration of the risk of acts by the entity that were contrary to the applicable laws and regulations, including fraud.

- Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims as well as actual suspected and alleged fraud;

- Assessing the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations considered to have a direct material effect on the financial statement of the operations of the company through enquiry and inspection;

- Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

- Performing audit work over the risk of management bias and override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for indicators of potential bias.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instance of non-compliance. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as a fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentation, or the override of internal controls.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Stephen Gray (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of DKR Audit Services Ltd

36 Lichfield Street

Walsall

West Midlands

WS1 1TJ

29 December 2025

TURNOVER

4

19,765,408

13,896,429

Cost of sales

(11,988,280

)

(8,274,831

)

GROSS PROFIT

7,777,128

5,621,598

Administrative expenses

(3,948,810

)

(3,440,302

)

OPERATING PROFIT

6

3,828,318

2,181,296

Interest receivable and similar income

203,490

186,917

4,031,808

2,368,213

Interest payable and similar expenses

7

(62,809

)

(43,406

)

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

3,968,999

2,324,807

Tax on profit

8

(1,002,745

)

(667,799

)

PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR

2,966,254

1,657,008

Profit attributable to:

Owners of the parent

2,966,254

1,657,008

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

2,966,254

1,657,008

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

-

-

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR

2,966,254

1,657,008

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Owners of the parent

2,966,254

1,657,008

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

12

-

-

Tangible assets

13

2,133,719

2,352,398

Investments

14

-

-

2,133,719

2,352,398

CURRENT ASSETS

Stocks

15

17,502

12,403

Debtors

16

5,763,684

3,668,848

Cash at bank and in hand

8,812,289

7,859,103

14,593,475

11,540,354

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

17

(4,101,583

)

(2,557,407

)

NET CURRENT ASSETS

10,491,892

8,982,947

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

12,625,611

11,335,345

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due after more than one year

18

(277,156

)

(571,866

)

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES

21

(323,576

)

(360,729

)

NET ASSETS

12,024,879

10,402,750

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

22

16

16

Retained earnings

23

12,024,863

10,402,734

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

12,024,879

10,402,750

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 December 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

B Grime - Director

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

12

-

-

Tangible assets

13

-

-

Investments

14

16

16

16

16

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

16

16

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

22

16

16

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

16

16

Company's profit for the financial year

1,000,000

-

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 December 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

B Grime - Director

Called up

share

Retained

Total

capital

earnings

equity

£

£

£

Balance at 1 April 2023

16

9,645,726

9,645,742

Changes in equity

Dividends

-

(900,000

)

(900,000

)

Total comprehensive income

-

1,657,008

1,657,008

Balance at 31 March 2024

16

10,402,734

10,402,750

Changes in equity

Dividends

-

(1,344,125

)

(1,344,125

)

Total comprehensive income

-

2,966,254

2,966,254

Balance at 31 March 2025

16

12,024,863

12,024,879

Called up

share

Retained

Total

capital

earnings

equity

£

£

£

Balance at 1 April 2023

16

-

16

Changes in equity

Balance at 31 March 2024

16

-

16

Changes in equity

Dividends

-

(1,000,000

)

(1,000,000

)

Total comprehensive income

-

1,000,000

1,000,000

Balance at 31 March 2025

16

-

16

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash generated from operations

1

2,758,433

2,410,026

Interest element of hire purchase payments paid

(62,809

)

(43,406

)

Tax paid

(109,999

)

(540,000

)

Net cash from operating activities

2,585,625

1,826,620

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets

(207,476

)

(1,351,765

)

Sale of tangible fixed assets

2,900

162,691

Interest received

203,490

186,917

Net cash from investing activities

(1,086

)

(1,002,157

)

Cash flows from financing activities

Capital repayments in year

(508,694

)

(421,455

)

New finance leases in year

221,466

644,967

Equity dividends paid

(1,344,125

)

(900,000

)

Net cash from financing activities

(1,631,353

)

(676,488

)

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

953,186

147,975

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

2

7,859,103

7,711,128

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

2

8,812,289

7,859,103

1.	RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

2025

2024

£

£

Profit before taxation

3,968,999

2,324,807

Depreciation charges

412,957

343,222

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

10,299

40,855

Finance costs

62,809

43,406

Finance income

(203,490

)

(186,917

)

4,251,574

2,565,373

Increase in stocks

(5,099

)

(4,625

)

Increase in trade and other debtors

(2,094,837

)

(78,105

)

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other creditors

606,795

(72,617

)

Cash generated from operations

2,758,433

2,410,026

2.	CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts:

Year ended 31 March 2025

31.3.25

1.4.24

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

8,812,289

7,859,103

Year ended 31 March 2024

31.3.24

1.4.23

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

7,859,103

7,711,128

3.	ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS

At 1.4.24

Cash flow

At 31.3.25

£

£

£

Net cash

Cash at bank and in hand

7,859,103

953,186

8,812,289

7,859,103

953,186

8,812,289

Debt

Finance leases

(1,017,578

)

287,228

(730,350

)

(1,017,578

)

287,228

(730,350

)

Total

6,841,525

1,240,414

8,081,939

1.	STATUTORY INFORMATION

WRPS Group Holding Limited is a private company, limited by shares , registered in England and Wales. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the General Information page.

2.	ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

Reporting period

The accounts period for WRPS Group Holding Limited is from 29 August 2024 to 31 March 2025, due to the date of incorporation and shortening of the accounting period. A shorter period of account has been utilised to bring the entity's period-end in line with it's subsidiary.

However, as the acquisition is being reported using merger accounting, the results in the 2025 accounts include a full year of trade, from 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025.

Basis of consolidation

In the parent company financial statements, the business combination is shown and calculated on a merger basis. As such, the results of the group undertakings for the period are shown in the consolidated profit and loss account, with the comparative figures presented on a similar basis.

The consolidated financial statements present the results of WRPS Group Holding Limited and it's subsidiaries as if they form a single entity. Due to consolidating on a merger basis, the results are shown as if the business combination has always been in place.

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company, WRPS Group Holding Limited, together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Turnover

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT.

Profit on construction contracts is recognised on a percentage of completion basis. A provision is made for all losses incurred together with any foreseeable future losses.

Goodwill

Goodwill, being the amount paid in connection with the acquisition of a business in 2008, is being amortised evenly over its estimated useful life of five years.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Tangible fixed assets

Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life.

Long leasehold

-

2% on cost

Improvements to property

-

Over period of lease

Plant and machinery

-

20% on reducing balance

Fixtures and fittings

-

20% on reducing balance

Motor vehicles

-

20% on reducing balance

Computer equipment

-

20% on reducing balance

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stock to their present location and condition.

Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stock over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Financial instruments

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial instruments

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial instruments

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Other financial liabilities

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

Taxation

Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date.

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Hire purchase and leasing commitments

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leases asset are consumed.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the group's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate.

Construction contracts

Where the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting end date. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and its receipt is considered probable.

When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract turnover, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately.

Where the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised to the extent of contract costs incurred where it is probable that they will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. When costs incurred in securing a contract are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred, they are not included in contract costs if the contract is obtained in a subsequent period.

The "percentage of completion method" is used to determine the appropriate amount to recognise in a given period. The stage of completion is measured by the proportion of contract costs incurred for work performed to date compared to the estimated total contract costs. Costs incurred in the year in connection with future activity on a contract are excluded from contract costs in determining the stage of completion. These costs are presented as stocks, prepayments or other assets depending on their nature, and provided it is probable they will be recovered. Bank interest accruing on capital borrowed to fund the production of long term contracts is carried forward within long term contract balances.

3.	CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

In the application of the group's accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Construction contracts

The group undertakes construction contracts during the year ended 31 March 2025.

Management have considered the revenue recognition criteria in FRS 102, Section 23 and, in particular, whether the group has recognised the outcome of construction contracts with estimated reliability. The has group recognised contract revenue and contract costs associated with the construction contract as revenue and expenses respectively by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the end of the reporting period. Section 23 is met together with an appropriate provision for rectification costs.