Caseware UK (AP4) 2024.0.164 2024.0.164 2023-12-31 2025-05-31 Paragon Consulting Services Limited is part of the worldwide Sigma 7 Group. Paragon Consulting Services delivers property and construction risk engineering services to large global corporates designed to minimize risk, enhance resilience, and safeguard their operations. These include property surveys, construction surveys, natural catastrophe surveys and other property risk related consulting activities. Paragon Consulting Services Ltd is a private company, limited by shares, registered in England and Wales. The registered office is C/O Csc Cls (UK) Limited, 5 Churchill Place, 10th Floor, London, E14 5HU. Paragon Consulting Services Limited is part of the worldwide Sigma 7 Group. Paragon Consulting Services Limited delivers property and construction risk engineering services to large global corporates designed to minimize risk, enhance resilience, and safeguard their operations. These include property surveys, construction surveys, natural catastrophe surveys and other property risk related consulting activities. The financial statements are prepared in pound sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future, being a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements are approved. The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which the directors believe to be appropriate. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future, being a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements are approve.2023-12-31 Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties. Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.2023-01-01 false 15 13 false false false 06793220 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 06793220 2023-12-31 06793220 2022-12-31 06793220 2022-01-01 06793220 1 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:CompanySecretary1 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director1 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director1 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director2 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director2 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director3 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director3 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director4 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Director4 2023-12-31 06793220 d:RegisteredOffice 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2023-12-31 06793220 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2022-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2023-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2022-12-31 06793220 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments c:WithinOneYear 2023-12-31 06793220 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments c:WithinOneYear 2022-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments c:AfterOneYear 2023-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments c:AfterOneYear 2022-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments c:BetweenOneTwoYears 2023-12-31 06793220 c:Non-currentFinancialInstruments c:BetweenOneTwoYears 2022-12-31 06793220 c:ShareCapital 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 c:ShareCapital 2023-12-31 06793220 c:ShareCapital 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 06793220 c:ShareCapital 2022-12-31 06793220 c:ShareCapital 2022-01-01 06793220 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-12-31 06793220 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 06793220 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-12-31 06793220 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-01-01 06793220 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2023-12-31 06793220 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2022-12-31 06793220 d:FRS102 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:Audited 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:FullAccounts 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 d:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 06793220 e:PoundSterling 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 iso4217:GBP xbrli:shares xbrli:pure

Registered number: 06793220 PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD DIRECTORS' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors | O Belman (appointed 20 November 2023)
| J Cheek (appointed 20 November 2023)
| G Crook (appointed 20 November 2023)
| J T Woodman (resigned 31 May 2025)
Company secretary | CSC CLS (UK) Limited (appointed 29 January 2025)
Registered number | 06793220
Registered office | C/O Csc Cls (UK) Limited
| 5 Churchill Place
| 10th Floor
| London
| E14 5HU
Independent auditors | Forvis Mazars
| Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors
| Mayoralty House
| Flood Street
| Galway
| H91 P8PR
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD CONTENTS
| Page
Directors' Report | 1 - 3
Independent Auditors' Report | 4 - 7
Statement of Comprehensive Income | 8
Balance Sheet | 9
Statement of Changes in Equity | 10
Notes to the Financial Statements | 11 - 18
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD DIRECTORS' REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.
Principal activity
Paragon Consulting Services Limited is part of the worldwide Sigma 7 Group. Paragon Consulting Services delivers property and construction risk engineering services to large global corporates designed to minimize risk, enhance resilience, and safeguard their operations. These include property surveys, construction surveys, natural catastrophe surveys and other property risk related consulting activities.
Directors
The directors who served during the year and up to the date of signing was: O Belman J Cheek G Crook J T Woodman (resigned 31 May 2025)
Directors' responsibilities statement
The directors are responsible for preparing the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: ∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently; ∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; ∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and ∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business. The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Results and dividends
The profit for the year, after taxation amounted to £184,881 (restated 2022: £74,387). No dividends were declared or paid during the the financial year (2022: £Nil). Page 1
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Business review
The Company is a part of the worldwide Sigma 7 Group. Sigma7 is a limited liability company incorporated in Delaware which specializes mainly in risk management. Sigma7 is a portfolio company of Growth Catalyst Partners, a private equity firm in United States. The directors have no plans to significantly change the activities and operations of the company in the foreseeable future.
Going concern
The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future, being a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements are approved.
Principal risks and uncertainties
UK businesses are currently facing many uncertainties such as the consequences of environmental sustainability and geopolitical events including the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These uncertainties have contributed to an environment where there exists a range of issues and risks, including inflation, rising interest rates, labour shortages, disrupted supply chains and new ways of working. The directors have carried out an assessment of the potential impact of these uncertainties on the business, including the impact of mitigation measures, and have concluded that the greatest impact on the business is expected to be from the economic ripple effect on the global economy. The directors have taken account of these potential impacts in their going concern assessment. The company continues to work with its partners to minimise any impacts of these events and maximise the realisation of any opportunities they may provide to the business.
Disclosure of information to auditors
Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that: ∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and ∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.
Prior year restatement
There was a prior year restatement during the period. For further information, please see note 14.
Post balance sheet events
There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the year end.
Auditors
The auditors, Forvis Mazars, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006. Page 2
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Small companies note
In preparing this report, the directors have taken advantage of the small companies exemptions provided by section 415A of the Companies Act 2006. This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf by:
G Crook Director
Date: 9 January 2026
Page 3
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD Opinion We have audited the financial statements of Paragon Consulting Services Limited (the ‘Company’) for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Changes in Equity and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). In our opinion, the financial statements: ∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its profit for the year then ended; ∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and ∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Conclusions relating to going concern In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. Page 4
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD Other information The other information comprises the information included in the Directors' Report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Directors' Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: ∙the information given in the Directors Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and ∙the Directors Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. Matters on which we are required to report by exception In light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Directors Report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: ∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or ∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or ∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or ∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. ∙the directors were not entitled to prepare the financial statements in accordance with the small companies regime and take advantage of the small companies’ exemption in preparing the Directors Report and from the requirement to prepare a Strategic Report. Page 5
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD Responsibilities of Directors As explained more fully in the Directors Responsibilities Statement set out on page 1, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors intend either to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below. Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. Based on our understanding of the Company and its industry, we considered that non-compliance with the following laws and regulations might have a material effect on the financial statements: UK Tax legislation, pensions legislation, employment regulation and health and safety regulation, anti-bribery, corruption and fraud and anti-money laundering regulation. To help us identify instances of non-compliance with these laws and regulations, and in identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect to non-compliance, our procedures included, but were not limited to: ∙Inquiring of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance, as to whether the Company is in compliance with laws and regulations, and discussing their policies and procedures regarding compliance with laws and regulations; ∙Inspecting correspondence, if any, with relevant licensing or regulatory authorities; ∙Communicating identified laws and regulations to the engagement team and remaining alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout our audit; and ∙Considering the risk of acts by the company which were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct effect on the preparation of the financial statements, such as tax legislation, pension legislation, the Companies Act 2006. Page 6
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements (continued) In addition, we evaluated the directors' and management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements, including the risk of override of controls, and determined that the principal risks were related to posting manual journal entries to manipulate financial performance, management bias through judgements and assumptions in significant accounting estimates, in particular in relation to revenue recognition (which we pinpointed to the cut-off assertion), and significant one-off or unusual transactions. Our audit procedures in relation to fraud included but were not limited to: ∙Making enquiries of the directors and management on whether they had knowledge of any actual, suspected or alleged fraud; ∙Gaining an understanding of the internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud; ∙Discussing amongst the engagement team the risks of fraud; and ∙Addressing the risks of fraud through management override of controls by performing journal entry testing. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above and the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of irregularities including fraud rests with management. As with any audit, there remained a risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal controls. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. Use of the audit report This report is made solely to the Company's members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members as a body for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Maurice Hickey (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of Forvis Mazars Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors Mayoralty House Flood Street Galway H91 P8PR Ireland 9 January 2026 Page 7
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
| 2023 | Restated 2022
| £ | £
Turnover |  | 6,162,178 | 5,241,862
Cost of sales |  | (5,197,225) | (3,678,059)
Gross profit |  | 964,953 | 1,563,803
Administrative expenses |  | (773,878) | (1,465,241)
Operating profit |  | 191,075 | 98,562
Interest payable and similar expenses |  | (3,462) | (2,285)
Profit before tax |  | 187,613 | 96,277
Tax on profit |  | (2,732) | (21,890)
Profit for the financial year |  | 184,881 | 74,387
There was no other comprehensive income for 2023 (2022: £Nil).
The notes on pages 11 to 18 form part of these financial statements.
Page 8
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD REGISTERED NUMBER: 06793220 BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023
|  | 2023 |  | Restated 2022
Note |  | £ |  | £
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Debtors: amounts falling due within one year | 6 | 7,459,389 |  | 2,594,156 |
Cash at bank and in hand | 7 | 193,945 |  | 447,287 |
|  | 7,653,334 |  | 3,041,443 |
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 8 | (7,236,305) |  | (2,764,943) |
Net current assets |  |  | 417,029 |  | 276,500
Total assets less current liabilities |  |  | 417,029 |  | 276,500
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year | 9 |  | - |  | (44,352)
Net assets |  |  | 417,029 |  | 232,148
Capital and reserves |  |  |  |  |
Called up share capital | 11 |  | 100 |  | 100
Profit and loss account | 12 |  | 416,929 |  | 232,048
|  |  | 417,029 |  | 232,148
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime and in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A - small entities. The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by:
G Crook
Director
Date: 9 January 2026
Page 9
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
| Called up share capital | Profit and loss account | Total equity
| £ | £ | £
At 1 January 2022 (unaudited) | 100 | 157,661 | 157,761
Comprehensive income for the year |  |  |
Profit for the year (restated) | - | 74,387 | 74,387
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 74,387 | 74,387
At 1 January 2023 (restated) | 100 | 232,048 | 232,148
Comprehensive income for the year |  |  |
Profit for the year | - | 184,881 | 184,881
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 184,881 | 184,881
At 31 December 2023 | 100 | 416,929 | 417,029
| The notes on pages 11 to 18 form part of these financial statements.
Page 10
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1. | General information
Paragon Consulting Services Ltd is a private company, limited by shares, registered in England and Wales. The registered office is C/O Csc Cls (UK) Limited, 5 Churchill Place, 10th Floor, London, E14 5HU. Paragon Consulting Services Limited is part of the worldwide Sigma 7 Group. Paragon Consulting Services Limited delivers property and construction risk engineering services to large global corporates designed to minimize risk, enhance resilience, and safeguard their operations. These include property surveys, construction surveys, natural catastrophe surveys and other property risk related consulting activities. The financial statements are prepared in pound sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £. 2.Accounting policies
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation of financial statements
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime. The disclosure requirements of section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below:
| 2.2 | Going concern
The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which the directors believe to be appropriate. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future, being a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements are approve.
| 2.3 | Turnover
Turnover represents the value of services provided under contracts to the extent that there is a right to consideration and is recorded at the value of the consideration due. Where a contract has only been partially completed at the balance sheet date turnover represents the value of the service provided to date based on a proportion of the total expected consideration at completion. Where payments are received from customers in advance of services provided, the amount will be recorded as Deferred Income and included as part of Creditors due within one year.
| 2.4 | Foreign currencies
Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Page 11
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.5 | Hire purchase and leasing commitments
Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income. on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leases asset are consumed.
| 2.6 | Employee benefits
The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets. The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received. Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.
| 2.7 | Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits
The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. A defined contribution scheme is a plan under which the company pays fixed contributions into a separate legal entity. Once the contributions have been paid, the company has no further payment obligations. Contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income and retained earnings in the period to which they fall due. Amounts not paid by the reporting date are shown within accruals as a liability in the balance sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the company in independently administered funds. Page 12
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.8 | Taxation
Current or deferred tax for the year is recognised in profit or loss, except when they related to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current tax Current tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible timing differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax liabilities are presented within provisions for liabilities and deferred tax assets within debtors. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
| 2.9 | Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities. Page 13
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.10 | Financial instruments
The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments. Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Basic financial assets Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised. Classification of financial liabilities Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities. Basic financial liabilities Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised. Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method. Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
| 2.11 | Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company. Page 14
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.12 | Provisions for liabilities
Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties. Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.
3. | Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
4. | Employees
| The average monthly number of employees, including directors, during the year was 15 (2022 - 13).
5. | Directors' remuneration
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Directors' emoluments | 366,747 | 201,234
|  | 366,747 | 201,234
Page 15
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
6. | Debtors: Amounts falling due within one year
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Trade debtors | 2,036,286 | 1,883,405
| Amounts owed by group undertakings | 4,423,244 | 240,346
| Corporation tax receivable | 171,071 | -
| Prepayments and accrued income | 828,788 | 467,673
| Deferred taxation | - | 2,732
|  | 7,459,389 | 2,594,156
| Amounts owed from group undertakings are unsecured, interest-free, have no fixed date of repayment and are repayable on demand.
7. | Cash and cash equivalents
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Cash at bank and in hand | 193,945 | 447,287
8. | Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Bank loans | 44,352 | 19,000
| Trade creditors | 244,991 | 275,964
| Amounts owed to group undertakings | 6,407,610 | 2,164,977
| Corporation tax | - | 21,929
| Other taxation and social security | 97,894 | 42,290
| Accruals and deferred income | 441,458 | 240,783
|  | 7,236,305 | 2,764,943
| Amounts owed to group undertakings are unsecured, interest-free, have no fixed date of repayment and are repayable on demand.
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PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
9. | Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Bank loans | - | 44,352
|  | - | 44,352
10. | Loans
| Analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Amounts falling due within one year |  |
| Bank loans | 44,352 | 19,000
| Amounts falling due 1-2 years |  |
| Bank loans | - | 44,352
|  | 44,352 | 63,352
11. | Share capital
|  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
|  | Allotted, called up and fully paid |  |
|  | 100 (2022: 100) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each | 100 | 100
12. | Reserves
Profit and loss account The profit and loss accounts represents reserves that have accumulated through the normal course of trade.
13. | Related party transactions
The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group. Page 17
PARAGON CONSULTING SERVICES LTD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
14. | Prior year adjustment
During the current financial year, the company’s management identified an error in the recognition of revenue related to the financial year ended 31 December 2022. The error arose due to untimely billing and recording of revenue earned by the company. It was also identified that the corresponding cost of services for said activities were omitted in the records and was recorded in 2023. Some administrative expenses charged by the parent company were also not recorded in the correct financial year. These are expenses being recharged by the parent company to its subsidiaries for common costs incurred by the group. The adjustments to taxation are a result of these errors. The errors resulted in profit being understated by £31,029 for the financial year ended 31 December 2022. The errors have been corrected by restating each of the affected financial statement line items for the prior period, as follows: Impact on Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2022:
|  | Previously reported | Adjustments | As restated
|  | £ | £ | £
| Turnover | 4,536,943 | 704,919 | 5,241,862
| Cost of sales | (3,403,962) | (274,097) | (3,678,059)
| Administrative expenses | (1,084,745) | (380,496) | (1,465,241)
| Tax on profit | (2,693) | (19,197) | (21,890)
Impact on Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2022:
|  | Previously reported | Adjustments | As restated
|  | £ | £ | £
| Trade debtors | 1,178,486 | 704,919 | 1,883,405
| Deferred tax | - | 2,732 | 2,732
| Accounts payable | (267,052) | (8,912) | (275,964)
| Amounts owed to group undertakings | (1,519,296) | (645,681) | (2,164,977)
| Corporation tax | - | (21,929) | (21,929)
| Retained earnings | 201,019 | 31,029 | 232,048
The corrections have been applied retrospectively in accordance with paragraph 10.21 of FRS 102, Retrospective Restatement Requirement. Comparative figures have been restated accordingly.
15. | Post balance sheet events
There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the year end.
16. | Controlling party
The immediate parent company is Paragon Risk Engineering Group Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales. The ultimate parent company and ultimate controlling party is RiskSigma7 Parent LLC, a company incorporated in Delaware. The registered office of the ultimate parent company is RiskSigma7, New Castle, Delaware, 19720, USA. Page 18