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Registered number: 13177348
Centrum International Limited
Strategic Report, Directors' Report and
Financial Statements
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Centrum International Limited
Contents
Contents

| Page
--- | ---
Strategic Report | 1—2
Directors' Report | 3—4
Independent Auditor's Report | 5—8
Consolidated Profit and Loss Account | 9
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | 10
Consolidated Balance Sheet | 11—12
Company Balance Sheet | 13
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity | 14
Company Statement of Changes in Equity | 15
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 16
Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 17
Company Statement of Cash Flows | 18
Notes to the Company Statement of Cash Flows | 19
Notes to the Financial Statements | 20—28

Page 1
Centrum International Limited
Strategic Report
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Strategic Report
The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.
Principal Activity
The group's principal activity continues to be that of wholesale of agri-products.
Review of the Business
An increase in demand for agricultural products has been observed and is also expected to continue in the years to come as a result of growing population in Asia which is the group’s primary market. The group has further strengthened its presence in Africa, which is the main origination geography while processes are being streamlined and centrally controlled with the hire of an experienced CEO for the Agri business.
During turbulent global economic conditions including geopolitical scenarios, inflation rising and growing uncertainties the concern for food security is an opportunity for the Group to utilize its knowledge and relationship capital towards supplying quality agricultural products in an expanding geographical clientele.
Rising interest rates has been a challenge for 2024 hence the group is actively negotiating new financing arrangement to tackle this and secure finance the expected growth. The formation of a centralised finance team in Switzerland is expected to highly contribute to this front. Also, the Group focuses in all trades being concluded at margins that generate overall profit, as evidenced by the increase in 2024.
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The Group operates in a very dynamic business environment in different geographies which requires a close check on the transactions and shipments. The key challenges faced by the business are as follows:
- Quality control of the Agri products and practical constraints
- Execution of sales and purchases
- Operational risk - the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or external events including legal risk. The directors are responsible for the day to day running of the business and have implemented a procedure for monitoring and mitigating operational risk that is appropriate to the size and the complexity of the business.
.- Market risk - the firm has limited exposure to market and currency risk for the unsold position of the cargo, if any.
Financial key performance indicators
The business strategy and risk approach are determined by the directors.
The key performance indicators used by management are as follows:
31-Dec-2024 31-Dec-2023
Turnover (USD) $96,804,165 $100,860,259
Gross profit (USD) $6,727,875 $5,639,865
Gross profit margin 6.91% 5.59%
Profit before tax (USD) $1,880,103 $3,153,520
Overall the performance of the Group for 2024 is very satisfying and provides confidence that the Group can capitalize on its unique capabilities and achieve the desired growth in the years to come.
Other key performance indicators
There are no other key performance indicators used within the business.
Key Decisions and Considerations
Long-Term Decision Making
The directors are committed to ensuring the long-term sustainability and growth of the group. Key strategic initiatives include:
• Investment in Technology: Adoption of advanced supply chain management systems to enhance efficiency and transparency.
• Market Diversification: Expansion into new markets to reduce dependence on any single market and to capitalise on emerging opportunities.
• Sustainable Practices: Promotion of sustainable agricultural practices to ensure the long-term availability of resources.
Interests of Employees
Our employees and local partners in the origination markets are central to our operations, and we are dedicated to their well-being and development. Initiatives include:
• Training and Development: Comprehensive training programs to enhance job specific skills and provide career advancement opportunities.
• Health and Safety: Implementation of stringent health and safety protocols to protect our workforce, especially in remote and challenging environments.
• Employee Engagement: Regular feedback sessions and surveys to ensure employee concerns are addressed and their contributions are valued.
Fostering Business Relationships
The success of our business depends on strong relationships with farmers, suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders. Efforts to foster these relationships include:
• Fair Trade Practices: Commitment to fair trade principles, ensuring that farmers receive fair compensation for their products.
• Supplier Development: Programs to support and develop local suppliers, enhancing their capacity and quality standards.
• Customer Satisfaction: Maintaining open communication channels with customers to understand and meet their needs effectively.
...CONTINUED
Page 1
Page 2
Centrum International Limited
Strategic Report (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Principal Risks and Uncertainties - continued
Impact on Community and Environment
We recognise our responsibility to the communities and environments in which we operate. Our initiatives include:
• Community Support: Investment in local community projects, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.
• Environmental Stewardship: Adoption of environmentally friendly practices, including sustainable farming techniques and reduction of carbon footprint.
• Partnerships: Collaboration with NGOs and government bodies to promote environmental conservation and community development.
High Standards of Business Conduct
Maintaining high ethical standards is fundamental to our operations. We ensure this through:
• Ethical Policies: Strict adherence to our code of conduct and anti-corruption policies.
• Transparency: Commitment to transparency in all dealings, providing clear and accurate information to stakeholders.
• Compliance: Ensuring compliance with all relevant laws and regulations in the countries where we operate.
Acting Fairly Between Members (Section 172(1)(f))
The directors ensure that all decisions are made fairly, considering the interests of all shareholders. Actions include:
• Regular Communication: Providing regular updates to shareholders through reports, mails, meetings, and direct interaction
• Equitable Treatment: Ensuring that all shareholders are treated equitably and have their voices heard.
• Feedback Mechanisms: Implementing mechanisms for shareholders to provide feedback and raise concerns.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the directors of the Group reaffirm their commitment to promoting the success of the group for the benefit of its members as a whole, while considering the broader impacts on employees, customers, suppliers, the community, and the environment. The Board remains dedicated to maintaining high standards of business conduct and acting fairly between members.
Section 172(1) Statement
Directors' statement of compliance with duty to promote the success of the Group
The directors of the Group are pleased to present their Section 172(1) statement, as required by the Companies Act 2006. This statement outlines how the directors have had regard to the their duty to promote the success of the group, particularly in the context of commodity trading of agricultural products.
On behalf of the board

Mr Maneesh Anand Director
28/01/2026

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Centrum International Limited
Company No. 13177348
Directors' Report For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Directors' Report
The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.
Future Developments
The Group is focusing its efforts in expanding both the pool of financial resources available to it, hence multiplying its trade capacity and the geographies to which it can supply commodities.
Directors
The directors who held office during the year were as follows:

Mr Maneesh Anand
Mr Asheesh Anand

Post Balance Sheet Events
There have been no significant events affecting the Group since the year end.
Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting
No individual entity within the Group falls into scope for streamlined energy and carbon reporting so no such disclosure has been made.
Statement of Directors' Responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing the financial statements the directors are required to:

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
- make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
- state whether applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS102, have been followed subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company and group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Statement of Disclosure of Information to Auditors
In the case of each director in office at the date the Directors' Report is approved:

- so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company and group's auditors are unaware; and
- they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company and group's auditors are aware of that information.

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Centrum International Limited
Directors' Report (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Independent Auditors
The auditors, RDH Accountants Ltd, have indicated their willingness to continue in office and a resolution concerning their re-appointment will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting.
On behalf of the board

Mr Maneesh Anand Director
29/01/2026

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Independent Auditor's Report
to the Members of
Centrum International Limited
Independent Auditor's Report
Qualified opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Centrum International Limited (the "parent company") and its subsidiaries (the "group") for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Profit and Loss Account, Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes of Equity, Company Statement of Changes of Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Company Cash Flow Statement and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland".
Basis for Qualified Opinion
We could not review or gain access to audit working papers of Torq Commodities Ltd, a significant and material component. The Component auditor did not respond to our communication request and did not provide us with any audit information. As a result, we could not verify any balances of the Torq Commodities Ltd. Management informed us the reason for no response from the component auditors was because the entity was removed from the group. We are unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to ascertain the appropriateness of the preparation of the financial statements of the Company on a going concern basis. It was not possible for us to perform the auditing procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence as regards to all the balances included in the consolidation of the group financial statements. Origin Commodities Ltd, a material component, the audit was qualified due to difference identified in their opening balances.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions Relating to Going Concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least 12 months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Other Information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The Directors' Report are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
As described in the Basis for qualified opinion section of our report, We could not review or gain access to audit working papers of Torq Commodities Ltd, a significant and material component. The Component auditor did not respond to any of our communication request and did not provide us with any audit information. As a result we could not verify any balances of the Torq Commodities Ltd. We are unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to ascertain the appropriateness of the preparation of the financial statements of the Company on a going concern basis. It was not possible for us to perform the auditing procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence as regards to all the balances included in the consolidation of the group financial statements. Origin Commodities Ltd, a material component, the audit was qualified due to difference identified in their opening balances.
Opinions on Other Matters Prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

- the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
- the Strategic Report and Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Page 5
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Independent Auditor's Report (continued)
to the Members of
Centrum International Limited
Matters on Which We Are Required to Report by Exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

- adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
- the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records or returns; or
- certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Except for the matter described in the Basis for qualified opinion section of our report
Responsibilities of Directors
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 3—4, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Page 6
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Independent Auditor's Report (continued)
to the Members of
Centrum International Limited
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
Capability of the audit in detecting irregularities, including fraud
The objectives of our audit are to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud or error; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud or error; and to respond appropriately to those risks.
Based on our understanding of the company and industry, and through discussion with the directors and other management (as required by auditing standards), we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We considered the extent to which noncompliance might have a material effect on the financial statements. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies Act 2006 and taxation. We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout our team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout the audit. We evaluated management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of override of controls), and determined that the principal risks were related to posting inappropriate journal entries to increase revenue or reduce expenditure. Audit procedures performed by the engagement team included:

- Discussions with management and assessment of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations (including health and safety) and fraud; and
- Assessment of identified fraud risk factors; and
- Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in its significant accounting estimates; and
- Confirmation of related parties with management, and review of transactions throughout the period to identify any previously undisclosed transactions with related parties outside the normal course of business; and
- Review of significant and unusual transactions and evaluation of the underlying financial rationale supporting the transaction; and
- Performing analytical procedures with automated data analytics tools to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships, including related party transactions, that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud; and
- Identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any manual entries made at the year-end for financial statement preparation; and
- Physical safeguarding controls for stock have been reviewed to ensure they are adequate for the business.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

- Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

- Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control.

- Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.

- Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern.

- Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.
Page 7
Page 8
Independent Auditor's Report (continued)
to the Members of
Centrum International Limited
Use Of Our Report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters that we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.

Hemal Doshi (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of RDH Accountants Ltd , Statutory Auditor
28/01/2026
RDH Accountants Ltd 21 High Street Harrow on the Hill Middlesex HA1 3HT

Page 8
Page 9
Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Profit and Loss Account
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Consolidated Profit and Loss Account

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| Notes | $ |  | $
TURNOVER | 3 | 96,804,165 |  | 100,860,259
Cost of sales |  | (90,076,290 ) |  | (95,220,394 )
GROSS PROFIT |  | 6,727,875 |  | 5,639,865
Administrative expenses |  | (4,784,739 ) |  | (4,650,522 )
Other operating income |  | 119,203 |  | 10,435
OPERATING PROFIT | 5 | 2,062,339 |  | 999,778
Profit on revaluation of investment property |  | 363,997 |  | 3,455,119
Other interest receivable and similar income | 10 | 676,263 |  | 334,625
Interest payable and similar charges | 11 | (1,222,496 ) |  | (1,899,233 )
PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION |  | 1,880,103 |  | 2,890,289
Tax on Profit | 12 | (16,573 ) |  | (16,214 )
PROFIT AFTER TAXATION BEING PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |  | 1,863,530 |  | 2,874,075
Profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent |  | 1,943,210 |  | 3,137,306
Non-controlling interest |  | (79,680) |  | (263,231)
|  | 1,863,530 |  | 2,874,075

The notes on pages 17 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
Page 9
Page 10
Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |  | 1,863,530 |  | 2,874,075
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:
Gain on revaluation of investment properties |  | 1,693,904 |  | -
Loss due to foreign exchange differences |  | - |  | (79,332 )
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR |  | 3,557,434 |  | 2,794,743
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the parent |  | 3,637,114 |  | 3,057,974
Non-controlling interest |  | (79,680) |  | (263,231)
|  | 3,557,434 |  | 2,794,743

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Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Balance Sheet
As At 31 December 2024
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Registered number: 13177348

| 2024 | 2023
--- | --- | ---
| Notes | $ | $ | $ | $
FIXED ASSETS
Tangible Assets | 14 |  | 152,578 |  | 76,107
Investment Properties | 15 |  | 5,343,953 |  | 4,920,079
Investments | 16 |  | 176,156 |  | 176,156
|  |  | 5,672,687 |  | 5,172,342
CURRENT ASSETS
Stocks | 17 | 11,954,257 |  | 3,953,124 |
Debtors | 18 | 22,808,107 |  | 54,323,753 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  | 1,007,557 |  | 1,234,276 |
|  | 35,769,921 |  | 59,511,153 |
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year | 19 | (6,176,163 ) |  | (28,728,153 ) |
NET CURRENT ASSETS (LIABILITIES) |  |  | 29,593,758 |  | 30,783,000
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  | 35,266,445 |  | 35,955,342
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due After More Than One Year | 20 |  | (28,463,036 ) |  | (30,721,730 )
PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES
Deferred Taxation | 22 |  | (1,072 ) |  | (1,072 )
NET ASSETS |  |  | 6,802,337 |  | 5,232,540
CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital | 24 |  | 1,365 |  | 1,365
Revaluation reserve |  |  | 1,763,712 |  | 69,808
Other reserves |  |  | (2,017,131 ) |  | (29,494 )
Profit and Loss Account |  |  | 7,395,702 |  | 5,452,492
Equity attributable to owners of the parent |  |  | 7,143,648 |  | 5,494,171
Non-controlling interest |  |  | (341,311 ) |  | (261,631 )
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  | 6,802,337 |  | 5,232,540

Page 11
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Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Balance Sheet (continued)
As At 31 December 2024
On behalf of the board

Mr Maneesh Anand Director
28/01/2026

The notes on pages 17 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
Page 12
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Centrum International Limited
Company Balance Sheet
As At 31 December 2024
Company Balance Sheet
Registered number: 13177348

| 2024 | 2023
--- | --- | ---
| Notes | $ | $ | $ | $
FIXED ASSETS
Investments | 16 |  | 4,419,076 |  | 2,584,071
|  |  | 4,419,076 |  | 2,584,071
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors | 18 | 2,989,540 |  | 2,505,100 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  | 412,226 |  | 3,402 |
|  | 3,401,766 |  | 2,508,502 |
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year | 19 | (3,417,037 ) |  | (2,709,480 ) |
NET CURRENT ASSETS (LIABILITIES) |  |  | (15,271 ) |  | (200,978 )
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  | 4,403,805 |  | 2,383,093
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due After More Than One Year | 20 |  | (281,085 ) |  | (636,690 )
NET ASSETS |  |  | 4,122,720 |  | 1,746,403
CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital | 24 |  | 1,365 |  | 1,365
Profit and Loss Account |  |  | 4,121,355 |  | 1,745,038
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |  |  | 4,122,720 |  | 1,746,403

In accordance with section 408(3) of the Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and the related notes. The company's profit for the year was £ 2,376,317 (2023: £ 1,745,093 profit/(loss)).
On behalf of the board

Mr Maneesh Anand Director
28/01/2026

The notes on pages 17 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
Page 13
Page 14
Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

| Share Capital | Revaluation reserve | Other reserves | Profit and Loss Account
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $ | $
As at 1 January 2023 | 1,365 | 69,808 | 49,838 | 2,315,186
Profit for year | - | - | - | 3,137,306
Other comprehensive income (expense) type A | - | - | (79,332) | -
Other comprehensive income for the year | - | - | (79,332 ) | -
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | (79,332) | 3,137,306
Dividends paid | - | - | - | -
As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 1,365 | 69,808 | (29,494 ) | 5,452,492
Profit for year | - | - | - | 1,943,210
Surplus on revaluation | - | 1,693,904 | - | -
Other comprehensive income for the year | - | 1,693,904 | - | -
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 1,693,904 | - | 1,943,210
Movements type A | - | - | (1,987,637) | -
As at 31 December 2024 | 1,365 | 1,763,712 | (2,017,131 ) | 7,395,702

| Total Attributable to Parent | Non-controlling interest | Total
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
As at 1 January 2023 | 2,436,197 | 1,600 | 2,437,797
Profit for year | 3,137,306 | (263,231 ) | 2,874,075
Other comprehensive income (expense) type A | (79,332) | - | (79,332)
Other comprehensive income for the year | (79,332 ) | - | (79,332 )
Total comprehensive income for the year | 3,057,974 | (263,231 ) | 2,794,743
Dividends paid | - | - | -
As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 5,494,171 | (261,631 ) | 5,232,540
Profit for year | 1,943,210 | (79,680 ) | 1,863,530
Surplus on revaluation | 1,693,904 | - | 1,693,904
Other comprehensive income for the year | 1,693,904 | - | 1,693,904
Total comprehensive income for the year | 3,637,114 | (79,680 ) | 3,557,434
Movements type A | (1,987,637) | - | (1,987,637)
As at 31 December 2024 | 7,143,648 | (341,311 ) | 6,802,337

Page 14
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Centrum International Limited
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Company Statement of Changes in Equity

| Share Capital | Profit and Loss Account | Total
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
As at 1 January 2023 | 1,365 | (55 ) | 1,310
Profit for the year and total comprehensive income | - | 1,745,093 | 1,745,093
As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 1,365 | 1,745,038 | 1,746,403
Profit for the year and total comprehensive income | - | 2,376,317 | 2,376,317
As at 31 December 2024 | 1,365 | 4,121,355 | 4,122,720

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Centrum International Limited
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

| 2024 |  | 2023
| Notes | $ |  | $
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash generated from/(used in) operations | 1 | 20,579,119 |  | (14,666,682 )
Interest paid |  | (1,222,496 ) |  | (1,899,233 )
Tax paid |  | (22,211 ) |  | (9,292 )
Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities |  | 19,334,412 |  | (16,575,207 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of tangible assets |  | (201,856 ) |  | (39,830 )
Grants received |  | 5,303 |  | 10,435
Interest received |  | 677,092 |  | 334,625
Net cash generated from investing activities |  | 480,539 |  | 305,230
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from new other loans |  | 852,158 |  | 17,274,304
Repayment of other loans |  | (20,880,618) |  | -
Amount introduced by directors |  | - |  | 19,096
Amount withdrawn by directors |  | (13,210) |  | -
Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities |  | (20,041,670 ) |  | 17,293,400
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | (226,719 ) |  | 1,023,423
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 2 | 1,234,276 |  | 849,108
Foreign exchange losses on cash and cash equivalents |  | - |  | (638,255 )
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | 1,007,557 |  | 1,234,276

Page 16
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
1. Reconciliation of profit for the financial year to cash generated from/(used in) operations

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Profit for the financial year | 1,863,530 |  | 2,874,075
Adjustments for:
Tax on profit | 16,573 |  | 16,214
Interest expense | 1,222,496 |  | 1,899,233
Interest income | (676,263 ) |  | (334,625 )
Depreciation of tangible assets | 44,814 |  | 16,736
Reversal of impairment of fixed asset investments | (60,396) |  | -
Profit on revaluation of fixed assets | (406,912) |  | (3,455,119)
Grant income | (5,303) |  | (10,435)
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses | (1,022,715) |  | 302,242
Movements in working capital:
(Increase)/decrease in stocks | (8,001,133 ) |  | 567,887
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other debtors | 31,529,918 |  | (17,276,787 )
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other creditors | (3,925,490 ) |  | 733,897
Net cash generated from/(used in) operations | 20,579,119 |  | (14,666,682 )

2. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, as stated in the Statement of Cash Flows, relates to the following items in the Balance Sheet:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Cash at bank and in hand | 1,007,557 |  | 1,234,276

3. Analysis of changes in net debt

| As at 1 January 2024 | Cash flows | As at 31 December 2024
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
Cash at bank and in hand | 1,234,276 | (226,719) | 1,007,557
Debts falling due after more than one year | (30,721,730) | 20,880,618 | (9,841,112)
| (29,487,454) | 20,653,899 | (8,833,555)

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Centrum International Limited
Company Statement of Cash Flows
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Company Statement of Cash Flows

| 2024 |  | 2023
| Notes | $ |  | $
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash (used in)/generated from operations | 1 | (168,493 ) |  | 167,257
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities |  | (168,493 ) |  | 167,257
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of other fixed asset investments |  | (2,270,184 ) |  | (1,749,000 )
Proceeds from disposal of other fixed asset investments |  | 435,179 |  | -
Interest received |  | 414,300 |  | -
Dividends received |  | 2,351,700 |  | 1,750,710
Net cash generated from investing activities |  | 930,995 |  | 1,710
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayment of other loans |  | (355,605) |  | (202,731)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 406,897 |  | (33,764 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 2 | 3,402 |  | 5,335
Foreign exchange gains on cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,927 |  | 31,831
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | 412,226 |  | 3,402

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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Company Statement of Cash Flows
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Notes to the Company Statement of Cash Flows
1. Reconciliation of profit for the financial year to cash (used in)/generated from operations

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Profit for the financial year | 2,376,317 |  | 1,745,093
Adjustments for:
Interest income | (414,300 ) |  | -
Income from shares in group undertakings | (2,351,700) |  | (1,750,710)
Foreign exchange gains | (1,927) |  | (31,831)
Movements in working capital:
Increase in trade and other debtors | (484,440 ) |  | (2,504,775 )
Increase in trade and other creditors | 707,557 |  | 2,709,480
Net cash (used in)/generated from operations | (168,493 ) |  | 167,257

2. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, as stated in the Statement of Cash Flows, relates to the following items in the Balance Sheet:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Cash at bank and in hand | 412,226 |  | 3,402

3. Analysis of changes in net (debt)/funds

| As at 1 January 2024 | Cash flows | As at 31 December 2024
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
Cash at bank and in hand | 3,402 | 408,824 | 412,226
Debts falling due after more than one year | (636,690) | 355,605 | (281,085)
| (633,288) | 764,429 | 131,141

Page 19
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Notes to the Financial Statements
1. General Information
Centrum International Limited is a private company, limited by shares, incorporated in England & Wales, registered number 13177348 . The registered office is 21 High Street, Harrow on the Hill, Middlesex, HA1 3HT.
2. Accounting Policies
2.1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'' and the Companies Act 2006.
2.2. Basis Of Consolidation
The group consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the company and all of its subsidiary undertakings together with the group’s share of the results of associates made up to 31 December 2024.
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the Balance Sheet, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent
liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income from the date on
which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date control ceases
2.3. Going Concern Disclosure
After reviewing the Group’s forecasts and projections, which cover the 12-month period from the date of signing the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. These forecasts and projections have considered a downside scenario in sales levels; however, management have also identified mitigating actions that could be taken to ensure that the Group has sufficient funds to meet liabilities as they fall due over the next 12 months.
2.4. Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services. Turnover is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
Sale of goods
Turnover from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods has transferred to the buyer. This is usually at the point that the customer has signed for the delivery of the goods.
Rendering of services
Turnover from the rendering of services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of a contract is measured by comparing the costs incurred for work performed to date to the total estimated contract costs. Turnover is only recognised to the extent of recoverable expenses when the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably.
2.5. Intangible Fixed Assets and Amortisation - Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the group’s share of the identifiable net assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired.
Goodwill arising on the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in Intangible Assets. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of associates and joint ventures is included in the related equity accounted investment value.
Goodwill is amortised over its expected useful life which is estimated to be 5 years.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment when there are indicators of impairment and any impairment is charged to the profit and loss account. No reversals of impairment are recognised.
2.6. Intangible Fixed Assets and Amortisation - Other Intangible
Other intangible assets is amortised to profit and loss account over its estimated economic life of 5 years.
2.7. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Tangible fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of the fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases:

Plant & Machinery | 25% Reducing balance
Motor Vehicles | 20% Reducing balance

Page 20
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
2.8. Investment Properties
All investment properties are carried at fair value determined annually and derived from the current market rents and investment property yields for comparable real estate, adjusted if necessary for any difference in the nature, location or condition of the specific asset. No depreciation is provided for. Changes in fair value are recognised in the profit and loss account.
2.9. Investments
2.10. Stocks and Work in Progress
Stocks and work in progress are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value after making due allowance for obsolete and slow-moving stocks.
Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Cost includes all direct costs and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads.
Work in progress is reflected in the accounts on a contract by contract basis by recording turnover and related costs as contract activity progresses.
At the end of each reporting period stocks are assessed for impairment. If an item of stock is impaired, the identified stock is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell and an impairment charge is recognised in the profit and loss account. Where a reversal of the impairment is required the impairment charge is reversed, up to the original impairment loss, and is recognised as a credit in the profit and loss account.
2.11. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and are readily convertible to a known amount of cash with insignificant risk of change in value, and bank overdrafts.
2.12. Foreign Currencies
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate ruling on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating profit.
2.13. Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible timing differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
3. Turnover
Analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Commodity Revenue | 96,684,165 |  | 100,680,259
Trade Support Fees | 120,000 |  | 180,000
| 96,804,165 |  | 100,860,259

4. Other Operating Income

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Commission income | (27,147 ) |  | -
Grant income | 5,303 |  | 10,435
Other operating income | 141,047 |  | -
| 119,203 |  | 10,435

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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
5. Operating Profit
The operating profit is stated after charging:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Bad debts | 12,388 |  | -
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | 44,814 |  | 16,736

6. Auditor's Remuneration
Remuneration received by the group's auditors and their associates during the year was as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Audit Services
Audit of the company's financial statements | 145,515 |  | 69,071

7. Staff Costs
Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Wages and salaries | 2,921,987 |  | 2,382,967
Social security costs | 124,211 |  | -
Other pension costs | 25,333 |  | -
| 3,071,531 |  | 2,382,967

8. Average Number of Employees
Average number of employees, including directors, during the year was as follows:

| Group |  | Company
--- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Office and administration | 12 |  | 12 |  | 8 |  | 8
Sales, marketing and distribution | 14 |  | 13 |  | 10 |  | 10
Others | 5 |  | 4 |  | - |  | -
| 31 |  | 29 |  | 18 |  | 18

9. Directors' remuneration

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Emoluments | 332,492 |  | -

Information regarding the highest paid director was as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Emoluments | 332,492 |  | 83,918

Page 22
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
10. Interest Receivable and Similar Income

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Other interest receivable | - |  | 334,625
Gain on derivative financial instruments | 676,263 |  | -
| 676,263 |  | 334,625

11. Interest Payable and Similar Charges

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Bank loans and overdrafts | 316,835 |  | -
Interest payable on other loans | 853,183 |  | -
Finance charge on provisions | 52,478 |  | 1,899,233
| 1,222,496 |  | 1,899,233

12. Tax on Profit

The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows:
| Tax Rate | 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 | 2023 | $ |  | $
Current tax
UK Corporation Tax | 25.0% | 19.0% | 16,573 |  | 16,214
Total tax charge for the period | 16,573 |  | 16,214
The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit and the standard rate of corporation tax as follows:
| 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | $
Profit before tax | 1,880,103 |  | 2,890,289
Tax on profit at 25% (UK standard rate) | 170,026 |  | 603,443
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | (153,453 ) |  | (587,229 )
Total tax charge for the period | 16,573 |  | 16,214
There were no factors that may affect future tax charges

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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
13. Intangible Assets
Group

| Goodwill | Other | Total
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
Cost
As at 1 January 2024 | 2,912 | 8,250 | 11,162
Disposals | (2,912 ) | (8,250 ) | (11,162 )
As at 31 December 2024 | - | - | -
Amortisation
As at 1 January 2024 | 2,912 | 8,250 | 11,162
Disposals | (2,912 ) | (8,250 ) | (11,162 )
As at 31 December 2024 | - | - | -
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2024 | - | - | -
As at 1 January 2024 | - | - | -

Company
The company had no intangible fixed assets as at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023.
14. Tangible Assets
Group

| Plant & Machinery | Motor Vehicles | Total
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ | $ | $
Cost or Valuation
As at 1 January 2024 | 114,722 | - | 114,722
Additions | 34,814 | 86,471 | 121,285
As at 31 December 2024 | 149,536 | 86,471 | 236,007
Depreciation
As at 1 January 2024 | 38,615 | - | 38,615
Provided during the period | 34,492 | 10,322 | 44,814
As at 31 December 2024 | 73,107 | 10,322 | 83,429
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2024 | 76,429 | 76,149 | 152,578
As at 1 January 2024 | 76,107 | - | 76,107

Company
The company had no tangible fixed assets as at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023.
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
15. Investment Property
Group

| 2024
--- | ---
| $
Fair Value
As at 1 January 2024 | 4,920,079
Additions | 80,571
Revaluations | 343,303
As at 31 December 2024 | 5,343,953

If investment property had been accounted for under historical cost accounting rules, the amounts would be:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Cost | 1,201,729 |  | 1,201,729

Company
The company had no investment property as at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023.
16. Investments
Group

| Unlisted
--- | ---
| $
Cost or Valuation
As at 1 January 2024 | 176,156
As at 31 December 2024 | 176,156
Provision
As at 1 January 2024 | -
As at 31 December 2024 | -
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2024 | 176,156
As at 1 January 2024 | 176,156

Company

| Unlisted
--- | ---
| $
Cost or Valuation
As at 1 January 2024 | 2,584,071
Additions | 2,270,184
Disposals | (435,179 )
As at 31 December 2024 | 4,419,076
Provision
As at 1 January 2024 | -
As at 31 December 2024 | -

...CONTINUED
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2024 | 4,419,076
As at 1 January 2024 | 2,584,071

Subsidiaries
Details of the group's subsidiaries as at 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Name of undertaking | Registered Office | Class of shares held | Direct holding | Indirect holding
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Torq Commodities PTE Ltd | Singapore | Ordinary | 100.00% | -
PT Quantum Natural Resources | Indonesia | Ordinary | 99.00% | -
Goldbrick Real Estate Limited | United Kingdom | Ordinary | 100.00% | -
Origin Commodities Limited | United Kingdom | Ordinary | 78.00% | -
Torq Commodities (UK) Ltd | United Kingdom | Ordinary | - | 100.00%
Torq Agro Nigeria Limited | Nigeria | Ordinary | - | 100.00%
NAF Trading AS | Denmark | Ordinary | - | 63.00%

All the above subsidiaries are included in the consolidation. Torq Commodities Ltd was sold on 3rd December 2024.
17. Stocks

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Stock | 8,977,982 |  | -
Finished goods | 2,976,275 |  | 3,953,124
| 11,954,257 |  | 3,953,124

18. Debtors

| Group |  | Company
--- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | $ |  | $ |  | $
Due within one year
Trade debtors | 22,510,228 |  | 41,484,695 |  | - |  | -
Amounts recoverable on contracts | - |  | 2,200,921 |  | - |  | -
Amounts owed by group undertakings | - |  | - |  | 2,989,215 |  | -
Other debtors | 297,879 |  | 3,983,270 |  | 325 |  | -
| 22,808,107 |  | 47,668,886 |  | 2,989,540 |  | -
Due after more than one year
Other debtors | - |  | 6,654,867 |  | - |  | 2,505,100
| 22,808,107 |  | 54,323,753 |  | 2,989,540 |  | 2,505,100

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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
19. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year

| Group |  | Company
--- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | $ |  | $ |  | $
Trade creditors | 5,287,862 |  | - |  | 344,099 |  | -
Amounts owed to group undertakings | - |  | - |  | 3,016,938 |  | 2,686,980
Other creditors | 727,905 |  | 28,561,813 |  | - |  | -
Corporation tax | 10,576 |  | 16,214 |  | - |  | -
Taxation and social security | 28,161 |  | 23,038 |  | - |  | -
Accruals and deferred income | 121,659 |  | 127,088 |  | 56,000 |  | 22,500
| 6,176,163 |  | 28,728,153 |  | 3,417,037 |  | 2,709,480

20. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due After More Than One Year

| Group |  | Company
--- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | $ |  | $ |  | $
Other loans | 9,841,112 |  | 30,721,730 |  | 281,085 |  | 636,690
Other creditors | 18,621,924 |  | - |  | - |  | -
| 28,463,036 |  | 30,721,730 |  | 281,085 |  | 636,690

21. Loans
An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:

| Group |  | Company
--- | --- | --- | ---
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | $ |  | $ |  | $
Amounts falling due between one and five years:
Other loans | 9,841,112 |  | 30,721,730 |  | 281,085 |  | 636,690

22. Deferred Taxation
The provision for deferred tax is made up as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
| $ |  | $
Other timing differences | 1,072 |  | 1,072

23. Provisions for Liabilities

Group
| Deferred Tax | Total
--- | --- | ---
| $ | $
As at 1 January 2024 | 1,072 | 1,072
Balance at 31 December 2024 | 1,072 | 1,072

Accelerated capital allowances (1,072)
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Centrum International Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
24. Share Capital

| 2024 |  | 2023
--- | --- | --- | ---
Allotted, called up but not fully paid | $ |  | $
1,365 Ordinary Shares of $ 1.00 each | 1,365 |  | 1,365

25. Pension Commitments
The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.
During the year the charge to the profit and loss account in respect of defined contribution schemes was $25,333 (2023: $0).
At the balance sheet date contributions of $NIL were due to the fund and are included in creditors.
26. Post Balance Sheet Events
On 22 December 2025, Investment in shares of Origin Commodities Ltd, Torq Commodities Ltd and Tor Commodities Pte Limited were sold to Torq International AG, a company incorporated in Switzerland.
27. Related Party Disclosures
Transactions between group companies, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.
28. Controlling Parties
The company's ultimate controlling party is Maneesh Anand by virtue of their interest in the share capital of the company.
Page 28