Company registration number 04212442 (England and Wales)
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
Tavistock House South
Tavistock Square
Rayner Essex LLP
London
Chartered Accountants
WC1H 9LG
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
N Madhavji - CEO
N Vadher
H Van Eeden
Company number
04212442
Registered office
Building (Us&Co Stratford)
11 Burford Road
London
E15 2ST
Auditor
Rayner Essex LLP
Tavistock House South
Tavistock Square
London
WC1H 9LG
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3 - 4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 7
Statement of comprehensive income
8
Balance sheet
9
Statement of changes in equity
10
Statement of cash flows
11
Notes to the financial statements
12 - 27
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 1 -

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Review of the business

The year ended 31 December 2024 represented a period of deliberate repositioning for the Company.

The business moved away from lower-margin, volume-driven activity towards higher-quality, recurring and more profitable revenue streams. This included a more disciplined approach to contract selection, increased focus on managed services and software, and improved alignment between delivery capability and commercial performance.

As a result, the underlying quality of revenue and gross margins improved during the year.

The Company reported a modest loss for the period. This was a direct result of planned strategic investment, including:

- upgrading core systems and operational infrastructure

- strengthening the leadership team

- investing in proprietary software, automation, and platform capability

These investments were undertaken to improve long-term profitability, operational efficiency, and scalability.

The Company maintains a positive equity position and has strengthened its financial management, including tighter cost control, improved cash flow oversight, and greater discipline in working capital.

Recurring revenues increased during the year, supported by multi-year contracts and software-based services, providing improved visibility and stability of income.

Outlook

The publication of the Company’s 2024 financial statements has occurred later than originally anticipated. This reflects the period of internal change during the year, including systems upgrades, enhanced financial controls, and the strengthening of the finance function. A structured reduction in overheads to realign the cost base with the Company’s enhanced customer focus and margin-led strategy. These actions were undertaken to improve the quality, accuracy, and robustness of financial reporting going forward.

Trading since the year-end has shown a clear and measurable improvement.

The Company will be looking to publish its next financial results in a timely manner. Based on trading to date, these are expected to demonstrate:

- improved profitability

- stronger operating margins

- continued growth in contracted and recurring revenues

The Company has returned to profitability post year-end, supported by improved cost alignment and a higher-quality revenue base.

The business enters 2025 with:

- a strengthened forward order book

- increased visibility of future income

- improved operational control

The Directors expect this positive trajectory to continue.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 2 -
Principal risks and uncertainties

Market conditions
Public sector funding and policy changes may impact demand. This is mitigated through diversification and a growing base of recurring revenues.

Cybersecurity
The Company continues to invest in security, systems, and controls to protect both its operations and its customers.

Operational delivery and systems
Risks associated with system implementation and service delivery are managed through structured processes, governance, and experienced leadership.

Supply chain
Supplier diversification and active management mitigate potential disruption to delivery.

Key performance indicators

The Directors continue to focus on:

- Revenue quality and growth

- Profit margins and operational efficiency

- Customer retention and satisfaction

- Cash flow and working capital discipline

On behalf of the board

N Madhavji - CEO
Director
20 March 2026
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 3 -

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Principal activities

The principal activity of the company continued to be that of the supply of IT solutions and services focusing on support, managed services, hardware and software to the Public Sector.

Results and dividends

The results for the year are set out on page 8.

Ordinary dividends were paid amounting to £36,000. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

No preference dividends were paid.

Directors

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

N Madhavji - CEO
N Vadher
H Van Eeden
Auditor

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Rayner Essex LLP be reappointed as auditor of the company will be put at a General Meeting.

Statement of directors' responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period.

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

- make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and

- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Statement of disclosure to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 4 -
Medium-sized companies exemption

This report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the medium-sized companies exemption.

On behalf of the board
N Madhavji - CEO
Director
20 March 2026
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
- 5 -
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Joskos Solutions Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, the balance sheet, the statement of changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

- give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its loss for the year then ended;

- have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

- have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

- the information given in the strategic report and the directors' r eport for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

- the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED (CONTINUED)
- 6 -
Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identifie d material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' r eport.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

- adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

- the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

- certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the directors' r esponsibilities s tatement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:

- the engagement partner ensured that the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

- we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the company through discussions with the directors and other management, and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the sector they operate in;

- we focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on the financial statements or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation and data protection, anti-bribery, employment, DBS regulations and GDPR regulations;

- we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making enquiries of management and inspecting legal correspondence; and

- identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit.

We assessed the susceptibility of the company’s financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining an understanding of how fraud might occur, by:

- making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and

- considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED (CONTINUED)
- 7 -

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:

- performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;

- tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions;

- assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates set out in note 2 were indicative of potential bias; and

- investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions.

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures which included, but were not limited to:

- agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation

- reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;

- enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; and

- reviewing correspondence with HMRC

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Simon Essex FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Rayner Essex LLP, Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants
Tavistock House South
Tavistock Square
London
WC1H 9LG
20 March 2026
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 8 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
Turnover
3
11,723,426
14,201,459
Cost of sales
(9,626,498)
(11,640,091)
Gross profit
2,096,928
2,561,368
Administrative expenses
(2,212,195)
(2,361,481)
Operating (loss)/profit
4
(115,267)
199,887
Interest receivable and similar income
7
13,944
5,008
Interest payable and similar expenses
8
(11,489)
(30,314)
(Loss)/profit before taxation
(112,812)
174,581
Tax on (loss)/profit
9
69,681
(45,339)
(Loss)/profit for the financial year
(43,131)
129,242

The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
BALANCE SHEET
AS AT
31 DECEMBER 2024
31 December 2024
- 9 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
11
153,125
-
0
Tangible assets
12
38,848
63,944
191,973
63,944
Current assets
Debtors
13
2,967,509
3,544,555
Cash at bank and in hand
96,564
646,526
3,064,073
4,191,081
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
14
(3,231,047)
(4,086,068)
Net current (liabilities)/assets
(166,974)
105,013
Total assets less current liabilities
24,999
168,957
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
15
-
0
(64,827)
Provisions for liabilities
Deferred tax liability
18
3,264
3,264
(3,264)
(3,264)
Net assets
21,735
100,866
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
20
10,012
10,012
Capital redemption reserve
2,234
2,234
Profit and loss reserves
9,489
88,620
Total equity
21,735
100,866

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized companies.

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 20 March 2026 and are signed on its behalf by:
N Madhavji - CEO
Director
Company registration number 04212442 (England and Wales)
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 10 -
Share capital
Capital redemption reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2023
10,012
2,234
99,378
111,624
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
-
129,242
129,242
Dividends
10
-
-
(140,000)
(140,000)
Balance at 31 December 2023
10,012
2,234
88,620
100,866
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
-
(43,131)
(43,131)
Dividends
10
-
-
(36,000)
(36,000)
Balance at 31 December 2024
10,012
2,234
9,489
21,735
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 11 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash (absorbed by)/generated from operations
24
(51,859)
282,081
Drawings
(187,310)
(15,000)
Interest paid
(11,489)
(30,314)
Income taxes refunded/(paid)
57,653
(54,350)
Net cash (outflow)/inflow from operating activities
(193,005)
182,417
Investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets
(175,000)
-
0
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(264)
(11,901)
Interest received
13,944
5,008
Net cash used in investing activities
(161,320)
(6,893)
Financing activities
Repayment of bank loans
(111,108)
(111,108)
Payment of finance leases obligations
(48,529)
(10,588)
Dividends paid
(36,000)
(140,000)
Net cash used in financing activities
(195,637)
(261,696)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(549,962)
(86,172)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
646,526
732,698
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
96,564
646,526
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 12 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Joskos Solutions Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Building (Us&Co Stratford), 11 Burford Road, London, E15 2ST.

1.1
Accounting convention

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary a mounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2
Going concern

These financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis. As at 31 December 202 true 4, the company generated a net profit of £120,563 and the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the company will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.

During the year, the Directors prepared forecasts and projections supporting the company’s ability to continue trading. They considered key risks and sensitivities to the FY2 5 and FY2 6 budgets and assessed their possible impact on cash flows.

The forecasts and projections that have been prepared demonstrate the ability of the company to continue trading within the finance facilities.

As at 31 December 202 4, the company’s assets exceeded the total liabilities by £67,429. After considering the factors described above the Directors are confident that with the ongoing support of its existing banking facilities the company will continue to have access to adequate resources in order to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.

The financial statements do not include any adjustment that would result from the withdrawal of the continued support described above.

1.3
Turnover

Turnover represents amounts receivable for goods and services net of VAT and trade discounts.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recover able.

1.4
Intangible fixed assets other than goodwill

Internally generated assets are capitalised at cost once they are available for use and provide future economic benefit. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 13 -

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Internally generated software
25% straight line
1.5
Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Fixtures, fittings & equipment
25% straight line
Computer equipment
25% straight line
Motor vehicles
25% reducing balance

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.

1.6
Impairment of fixed assets

At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

1.7
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 14 -
1.8
Financial instruments

The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 15 -
Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future paymen ts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. A m ounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Other financial liabilities

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are s ubsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value th r ough profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

1.9
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.

1.10
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 16 -
Deferred tax

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the company has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

1.11
Employee benefits

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.12
Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

1.13
Share-based payments

Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted using the Black Scholes Model. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the estimate of shares that will eventually vest. A corresponding adjustment is made to equity.

When the terms and conditions of equity-settled share-based payments at the time they were granted are subsequently modified, the fair value of the share-based payment under the original terms and conditions and under the modified terms and conditions are both determined at the date of the modification. Any excess of the modified fair value over the original fair value is recognised over the remaining vesting period in addition to the grant date fair value of the original share-based payment. The share-based payment expense is not adjusted if the modified fair value is less than the original fair value.

Cancellations or settlements (including those resulting from employee redundancies) are treated as an acceleration of vesting and the amount that would have been recognised over the remaining vesting period is recognised immediately.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 17 -

Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted using the Black Scholes Model. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the estimate of shares that will eventually vest. A corresponding adjustment is made to equity.

When the terms and conditions of equity-settled share-based payments at the time they were granted are subsequently modified, the fair value of the share-based payment under the original terms and conditions and under the modified terms and conditions are both determined at the date of the modification. Any excess of the modified fair value over the original fair value is recognised over the remaining vesting period in addition to the grant date fair value of the original share-based payment. The share-based payment expense is not adjusted if the modified fair value is less than the original fair value.

Cancellations or settlements (including those resulting from employee redundancies) are treated as an acceleration of vesting and the amount that would have been recognised over the remaining vesting period is recognised immediately.

1.14
Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the lease s asset are consumed.

2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
(Continued)
- 18 -
Key sources of estimation uncertainty

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

Capitalisation of internally generated software and allocation of staff costs

During the year, the company capitalised development expenditure relating to internally generated software. Judgement is required in determining:

- The point at which technical and commercial feasibility is established;

- The distinction between research and development phases;

- The proportion of employee costs directly attributable to development activities; and

- The appropriate useful economic life of the software.

The allocation of staff costs to development projects is based on management’s assessment of project activity, roles performed, and the stage of completion of each system. This assessment considers project timelines, nature of work undertaken, technical oversight from senior personnel, and review of deliverables achieved during the period.

The distinction between research and development phases requires judgement. Research expenditure is expensed as incurred, while development expenditure is capitalised once the recognition criteria under FRS 102 are satisfied. Changes in management’s assessment of the phase of activity or the proportion of costs attributable to development would affect the amount capitalised and the related amortisation charge.

The software is amortised on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful economic life. The determination of useful life involves estimation and is reviewed annually.

Research and Development tax credit

The company has recognised an R&D tax credit in the year based on a draft computation prepared in accordance with HMRC guidance. Determining qualifying activities and associated expenditure requires judgement. Any adjustment arising from HMRC review could impact the amount recognised.

3
Turnover and other revenue

An analysis of the company's turnover is as follows:

2024
2023
£
£
Turnover analysed by class of business
Supply of IT solutions and services
11,723,426
14,201,459
2024
2023
£
£
Other revenue
Interest income
13,944
5,008
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 19 -
4
Operating (loss)/profit
2024
2023
Operating (loss)/profit for the year is stated after charging:
£
£
Fees payable to the company's auditor for the audit of the company's financial statements
15,750
15,750
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets
25,360
24,770
(Profit)/loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
4,811
Amortisation of intangible assets
21,875
-
Operating lease charges
51,702
56,700
5
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

2024
2023
Number
Number
112
112

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

2024
2023
£
£
Wages and salaries
1,255,131
1,771,031
Pension costs
112,378
99,193
1,367,509
1,870,224
6
Directors' remuneration
2024
2023
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
115,869
108,207
7
Interest receivable and similar income
2024
2023
£
£
Interest income
Interest on bank deposits
3,804
5,008
Other interest income
10,140
-
0
Total income
13,944
5,008
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
7
Interest receivable and similar income
(Continued)
- 20 -
2024
2023
Investment income includes the following:
£
£
Interest on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss
3,804
5,008
8
Interest payable and similar expenses
2024
2023
£
£
Interest on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost:
Interest on bank overdrafts and loans
10,919
24,278
Other finance costs:
Interest on finance leases and hire purchase contracts
570
6,036
11,489
30,314
9
Taxation
2024
2023
£
£
Current tax
UK corporation tax on profits for the current period
(69,681)
19,676
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of timing differences
-
0
25,663
Total tax (credit)/charge
(69,681)
45,339
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
9
Taxation
(Continued)
- 21 -

The actual (credit)/charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected (credit)/charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

2024
2023
£
£
(Loss)/profit before taxation
(112,812)
174,581
Expected tax (credit)/charge based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25.00% (2023: 25.00%)
(28,203)
43,645
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
(859)
4,888
Tax effect of utilisation of tax losses not previously recognised
-
0
(25,841)
Unutilised tax losses carried forward
19,609
-
0
Effect of change in corporation tax rate
-
0
(3,142)
Research and development tax credit
(69,681)
-
0
Depreciation
11,809
6,193
Capital allowances
(2,356)
(6,067)
Deferred tax movement
-
0
25,663
Taxation (credit)/charge for the year
(69,681)
45,339
10
Dividends
2024
2023
£
£
Final paid
36,000
140,000
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 22 -
11
Intangible fixed assets
Internally generated software
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024
-
0
Additions - internally developed
175,000
At 31 December 2024
175,000
Amortisation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
-
0
Amortisation charged for the year
21,875
At 31 December 2024
21,875
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
153,125
At 31 December 2023
-
0
12
Tangible fixed assets
Fixtures, fittings & equipment
Computer equipment
Motor vehicles
Total
£
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024
5,850
48,754
90,000
144,604
Additions
-
0
264
-
0
264
At 31 December 2024
5,850
49,018
90,000
144,868
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
2,926
32,734
45,000
80,660
Depreciation charged in the year
1,463
12,647
11,250
25,360
At 31 December 2024
4,389
45,381
56,250
106,020
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
1,461
3,637
33,750
38,848
At 31 December 2023
2,924
16,020
45,000
63,944

Tangible fixed assets includes assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts, as follows:

2024
2023
£
£
Motor vehicles
-
0
45,000
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 23 -
13
Debtors
2024
2023
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
Trade debtors
1,283,398
2,271,776
Corporation tax recoverable
125,344
113,316
Other debtors
1,512,714
1,108,436
Prepayments and accrued income
46,053
51,027
2,967,509
3,544,555
14
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
Bank loans
16
64,827
111,108
Obligations under finance leases
17
-
0
48,529
Trade creditors
1,144,438
1,731,081
Corporation tax
24,739
24,739
Other taxation and social security
892,404
336,535
Other creditors
233,074
345,989
Accruals and deferred income
871,565
1,488,087
3,231,047
4,086,068

The banking facility provided to the company by Close Invoice Finance Ltd is secured by way of a fixed and floating charge over the assets of the company.

15
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
Bank loans and overdrafts
16
-
0
64,827
16
Loans and overdrafts
2024
2023
£
£
Bank loans
64,827
175,935
Payable within one year
64,827
111,108
Payable after one year
-
0
64,827

Included in bank loans is a balance of £64,287 (2023: £175,935) in relation to the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme. This loan is repayable over 5 years with interest at 4.5% above the base rate.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 24 -
17
Finance lease obligations
2024
2023
Future minimum lease payments due under finance leases:
£
£
Within one year
-
0
48,529

Finance lease payments represent rentals payable by the company for certain items of plant and machinery. The average lease term is 3 years.

18
Deferred taxation

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the company has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:

Liabilities
Liabilities
2024
2023
Balances:
£
£
Accelerated capital allowances
3,264
3,264
There were no deferred tax movements in the year.

The deferred tax in relation to accelerated capital allowances is expected to reverse within 4 years over the same period that they are expected to mature.

19
Retirement benefit schemes
2024
2023
Defined contribution schemes
£
£
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
112,378
99,193

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 25 -
20
Share capital
2024
2023
£
£
Ordinary share capital
Issued and fully paid
9,892 'A' Ordinary shares of £1 each
9,892
9,892
100 'C' Ordinary shares of £1 each
100
100
9,992
9,992
Preference share capital
Issued and fully paid
20 Preference shares of £1 each
20
20
Preference shares classified as equity
20
20
Total equity share capital
10,012
10,012
21
Share-based payment transactions
Liabilities and expenses

During the year, the company recognised total share-based payment expenses of £nil (202 3: £nil) which related to equity settled share based payment transactions.

The company operates a tax authority approved Enterprise Management Incentive Share Options Scheme so as to encourage share ownership by all eligible employees.

The options vest in accordance with terms determined by the directors but include continued employment. Options can only be exercised if a qualifying event takes place such as a change of ownership or public listing. If the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant, the options expire. Options are forfeited if an employee leaves the company. Obligations under this scheme will be met by the issue of Ordinary shares from the company.

Options at the start of the year were as follows:-

661 Ordinary shares of £1 each, exercisable at a price of £19.61 per share, expiring July 2028.

Options lapsed during the year were as follows:-

None.

Options granted during the year were as follows:-

322 Ordinary shares of £1 each, exercisable at a price of £23.15 per share, expiring July 2030.

Options outstanding at the year end are as follows:-

661 Ordinary shares of £1 each, exercisable at a price of £19.61 per share, expiring July 2028.

322 Ordinary shares of £1 each, exercisable at a price of £23.15 per share, expiring July 2030

No options were exercised during the year.

JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 26 -
22
Operating lease commitments
As lessee

At the reporting end date the company had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

2024
2023
£
£
Within 1 year
21,957
1,645
Years 2-5
5,541
-
0
27,498
1,645
23
Directors' transactions
Advances
% Rate
Opening balance
Amounts advanced
Closing balance
£
£
£
Directors Loan
-
181,345
187,310
368,655
181,345
187,310
368,655

A repayment of £104,000 was made against this balance in January 2025.

24
Cash (absorbed by)/generated from operations
2024
2023
£
£
(Loss)/profit after taxation
(43,131)
129,242
Adjustments for:
Taxation (credited)/charged
(69,681)
45,339
Finance costs
11,489
30,314
Investment income
(13,944)
(5,008)
(Gain)/loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
4,811
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets
21,875
-
0
Depreciation and impairment of tangible fixed assets
25,360
24,770
Movements in working capital:
Decrease in debtors
776,384
189,272
Decrease in creditors
(760,211)
(136,659)
Cash (absorbed by)/generated from operations
(51,859)
282,081
JOSKOS SOLUTIONS LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 27 -
25
Analysis of changes in net funds
1 January 2024
Cash flows
31 December 2024
£
£
£
Cash at bank and in hand
646,526
(549,962)
96,564
Borrowings excluding overdrafts
(175,935)
111,108
(64,827)
Lease liabilities
(48,529)
48,529
-
422,062
(390,325)
31,737
2024-12-31 2024-01-01 false false false CCH Software CCH Accounts Production 2025.300 N Madhavji - CEO N Vadher H Van Eeden 04212442 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:Director1 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:Director2 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:Director3 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:RegisteredOffice 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 2024-12-31 04212442 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:IntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2024-12-31 04212442 core:IntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2023-12-31 04212442 core:Non-standardIntangibleAssetClass1ComponentIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2024-12-31 04212442 core:Non-standardIntangibleAssetClass1ComponentIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2023-12-31 04212442 2023-12-31 04212442 core:FurnitureFittings 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ComputerEquipment 2024-12-31 04212442 core:MotorVehicles 2024-12-31 04212442 core:FurnitureFittings 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ComputerEquipment 2023-12-31 04212442 core:MotorVehicles 2023-12-31 04212442 core:WithinOneYear 2024-12-31 04212442 core:WithinOneYear 2023-12-31 04212442 core:AfterOneYear 2024-12-31 04212442 core:AfterOneYear 2023-12-31 04212442 core:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2024-12-31 04212442 core:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapital 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapital 2023-12-31 04212442 core:CapitalRedemptionReserve 2024-12-31 04212442 core:CapitalRedemptionReserve 2023-12-31 04212442 core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-12-31 04212442 core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapital 2022-12-31 04212442 core:CapitalRedemptionReserve 2022-12-31 04212442 core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShareClass1 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShareClass1 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShareClass3 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShareClass3 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShares 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalOrdinaryShares 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalPreferenceShareClass1 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ShareCapitalPreferenceShareClass1 2023-12-31 04212442 1 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 1 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 2023-12-31 04212442 2022-12-31 04212442 core:IntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:Non-standardIntangibleAssetClass1ComponentIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:FurnitureFittings 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:ComputerEquipment 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:MotorVehicles 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:UKTax 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:UKTax 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 2 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 2 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 3 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 3 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 04212442 core:Non-standardIntangibleAssetClass1ComponentIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill 2023-12-31 04212442 core:Non-standardIntangibleAssetClass1ComponentIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill core:InternallyGeneratedIntangibleAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 core:FurnitureFittings 2023-12-31 04212442 core:ComputerEquipment 2023-12-31 04212442 core:MotorVehicles 2023-12-31 04212442 core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2024-12-31 04212442 core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2023-12-31 04212442 core:BetweenTwoFiveYears 2024-12-31 04212442 core:BetweenTwoFiveYears 2023-12-31 04212442 bus:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:FRS102 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:Audited 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 04212442 bus:FullAccounts 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 xbrli:pure xbrli:shares iso4217:GBP