3 Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The
financial statements
have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified by the revaluation of certain assets.
The
financial statements
are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company.
Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services supplied, net of discounts and Value Added Tax.
Revenue from the sale of goods and services is recognised when they are suppled and invoiced. Current tax
Current tax is recognised on taxable profit for the current and past periods. Current tax is measured at the amounts of tax expected to pay or recover using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Research and development
Research expenditure is written off in the period in which it is incurred. Development expenditure incurred is capitalised as an intangible asset only when It is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale; there is the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; there is the ability to use or sell the intangible asset; the use or sale of the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; there are adequate technical, financial and other resources available to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be measured reliably. Expenditure that does not meet the above criteria is expensed as incurred.
Tangible assets
Tangible assets are initially measured at cost, and are subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses or at a revalued amount.
Any tangible assets carried at a revalued amount are recorded at their fair value at the date of revaluation by the sole director.
Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost of an asset, less its estimated residual value, over the useful economic life of that asset as follows:
| Land and buildings | Straight line over 10 years |
| Plant and machinery | 20% reducing balance |
| Fixtures and fittings | 15% reducing balance |
| Office equipment | 25% straight line |
| Motor vehicles | 15% reducing balance |
Impairment
A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date.
Stocks
Stocks are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost includes all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the reporting date. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that would apply in the periods in which timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted at the statement of financial position date.
Defined contribution pension plan
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which the related service is provided.
Operating leases
A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership. Lease payments are recognised as an expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis.
Foreign currencies
Transactions in currencies, other than the functional currency of the company, are recorded at the rate of exchange on the date the transaction occurred. All differences are taken to the profit and loss account.