The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with the FRS 102 Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (effective January 2016).

Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates and sales taxes.

Turnover from the sale of goods is recognised when all of the following conditions are satisfied:

• the company has transferred the significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer;
• the company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
• it is probable that the company will receive the consideration due under the transaction; and
• the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Rendering of services
Turnover from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
• it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
• the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
• the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

Where a contract has only been partially completed at the Balance Sheet date turnover represents the fair value of the service provided to date based on the stage of completion of the contract activity at the Balance Sheet date.

Where payments are received from customers in advance of services provided, the amounts are recorded as deferred income and included as part of creditors due within one year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction.
Exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they arise except for:
* exchange differences on transactions entered into to hedge certain foreign currency risks; and
* exchange differences arising on gains or losses on non-monetary items which are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in creditors: amounts falling due within one year.

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the fair value of cash or other resources received or receivable, net of direct issue costs. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the Company.