Company registration number 12488311 (England and Wales)
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
CONTENTS
Page
Strategic report
1
Statement of financial position
2
Statement of changes in equity
3
Notes to the financial statements
4 - 14
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 1 -

The director presents the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Review of the business

The company operates as a holding company and therefore the directors do not consider a review of the business to be necessary. The company receives dividends as and when the directors of the subsidiaries deem it appropriate to vote them accordingly.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The principal risks for the business are driven by the companies subsidiaries.

There are no uncertainties that the directors believe need to be disclosed.

Development and performance

The company operates as a holding company and therefore any development and performance are received as a through put from the subsidiaries.

Key performance indicators

The key financial and other performance indicators during the year were as follows:

2025
2024
Change
£'000
£'000
+/-
Revenue
22
23
4%
Operating
(208)
(156)
30%
for the financial year
2,800
1,844
52%
Total equity
7,282
5,348
36%
Current assets as % of current liabilities
127%
14%
113%
Return on assets %
38%
29%
9%
Average number of employees in the year
1
1
-

On behalf of the board

Ms E Shmargunova
Director
1 May 2026
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT
31 DECEMBER 2025
31 December 2025
- 2 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Intangible assets
5
856
11,121
Property, plant and equipment
6
175
247
Investments
7
6,923,419
6,168,587
6,924,450
6,179,955
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
10
260,796
154,772
Cash and cash equivalents
454,530
160,856
715,326
315,628
Total assets
7,639,776
6,495,583
EQUITY
Called up share capital
16
100
100
Retained earnings
17
7,281,637
5,347,736
Total equity
7,281,737
5,347,836
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
15
14,376
804,084
Borrowings
12
343,663
343,663
358,039
1,147,747
Total liabilities
358,039
1,147,747
Total equity and liabilities
7,639,776
6,495,583

The notes on pages 4 to 14 form part of these financial statements.

These financial statements have been prepared and delivered in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The director of the company has elected not to include a copy of the income statement within the financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and signed by the director and authorised for issue on 1 May 2026
Ms E Shmargunova
Director
Company registration number 12488311 (England and Wales)
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 3 -
Share capital
Retained earnings
Total
Notes
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2024
100
3,503,396
3,503,496
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
1,844,340
1,844,340
Balance at 31 December 2024
100
5,347,736
5,347,836
Year ended 31 December 2025:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
2,799,501
2,799,501
Transactions with owners:
Dividends
4
-
(865,600)
(865,600)
Balance at 31 December 2025
100
7,281,637
7,281,737
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 4 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Doto Holdings Ltd is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 11 Blackheath Village, London, SE3 9LA. The company's principal activities and nature of its operations are disclosed in the director's report.

1.1
Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted for use in the United Kingdom and with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS, except as otherwise stated.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

The financial statements contain information about Doto Holdings Ltd as an individual company and do not contain consolidated financial information as the parent of a group. The company is exempt under IFRS 10:27 to prepare consolidated financial statements.

The financial statements of the company are consolidated in the financial statements of Holdicom Ltd. These consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, 1 Agias Fylaxeos, KPMG Centre, Ground Floor, 3025, Limassol, Cyprus.

1.2
Going concern

The director has at the time of approving the financial statements, a reasonable expectation that the true company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus t he director continues to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.3
Revenue

Revenue comprises sales of goods or services provided to customers net of value added tax and other sales taxes, less an appropriate deduction for actual and expected returns and discounts. Revenue is recognised when performance obligations are satisfied and the control of goods or services is transferred to the buyer. Where the performance obligation is satisfied over time, revenue is recognised in accordance with its progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation.

When cash inflows are deferred and represent a financing arrangement, the promised consideration is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money, which is recognised as interest income.

The company recognises revenue from the following major sources:

- Investment income

The nature, timing of satisfaction of performance obligations and significant payment terms of the company's major sources of revenue are as follows:

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.

Investment income

Investment income received from subsidiaries.

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 5 -
1.4
Intangible assets other than goodwill

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the fair value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

- Over a 2 year period

1.5
Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Plant and equipment
20% straight line method

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the income statement.

1.6
Non-current investments

Interests in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The investments are assessed for impairment at each reporting date and any impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

An associate is an entity, being neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture, in which the company holds a long-term interest and where the company has significant influence. The company considers that it has significant influence where it has the power to participate in the financial and operating decisions of the associate.

1.7
Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

At each reporting end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 6 -

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

1.8
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.9
Financial assets

Financial assets are recognised in the company's statement of financial position when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are classified into specified categories, depending on the nature and purpose of the financial assets.

At initial recognition, financial assets classified as fair value through profit and loss are measured at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. Financial assets not classified as fair value through profit and loss are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

When any of the above-mentioned conditions for classification of financial assets is not met, a financial asset is classified as measured at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are recognized initially at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss when incurred. A gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss, and is included within finance income or finance costs in the statement of income for the reporting period in which it arises.

Financial assets held at amortised cost

Financial instruments are classified as financial assets measured at amortised cost where the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest. They arise principally from the provision of goods and services to customers (eg trade receivables). They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment where necessary.

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 7 -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Debt instruments are classified as financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income where the financial assets are held within the company’s business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt instrument measured at fair value through other comprehensive income is recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to the asset. After initial recognition, each asset is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included in other comprehensive income. Accumulated gains or losses recognised through other comprehensive income are directly transferred to profit or loss when the debt instrument is derecognised.

The company has made an irrevocable election to recognize changes in fair value of investments in equity instruments through other comprehensive income, not through profit or loss. A gain or loss from fair value changes will be shown in other comprehensive income and will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss. Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognized initially at fair value plus transaction cost directly attributable to the asset. After initial recognition, each asset is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included in other comprehensive income. Accumulated gains or losses recognized through other comprehensive income are directly transferred to retained earnings when the equity instrument is derecognized or its fair value substantially decreased. Dividends are recognized as finance income in profit or loss.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

The expected credit losses associated with these assets are estimated on a forward-looking basis. A broad range of information is considered when assessing credit risk and measuring expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of the future cash flows of the instrument.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity.

1.10
Financial liabilities

The company recognises financial debt when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial liabilities are classified as either 'financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss' or 'other financial liabilities'.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, are initially measured at fair value net of transaction costs directly attributable to the issuance of the financial liability. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For the purposes of each financial liability, interest expense includes initial transaction costs and any premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when, and only when, the company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or they expire.

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 8 -
1.11
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.

1.12
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the company has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

1.13
Foreign exchange

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

2
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

2025
2024
Number
Number
1
1
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 9 -
3
Director's remuneration
2025
2024
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
65,064
63,632
4
Dividends
2025
2024
2025
2024
Amounts recognised as distributions:
per share
per share
Total
Total
£
£
£
£
Ordinary shares
Final dividend paid
1.00
1.00
865,600
-
0
5
Intangible assets
Domain
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024
51,327
At 31 December 2024
51,327
At 31 December 2025
51,327
Amortisation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
29,941
Charge for the year
10,265
At 31 December 2024
40,206
Charge for the year
10,265
At 31 December 2025
50,471
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2025
856
At 31 December 2024
11,121
At 31 December 2023
21,386
6
Property, plant and equipment
Plant and equipment
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024 and 1 January 2025
361
At 31 December 2025
361
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
6
Property, plant and equipment
Plant and equipment
£
(Continued)
- 10 -
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
42
Charge for the year
72
At 31 December 2024
114
Charge for the year
72
At 31 December 2025
186
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2025
175
At 31 December 2024
247
7
Investments
Non-current
2025
2024
£
£
Investments in subsidiaries
6,914,041
6,159,209
Investments in associates
9,378
9,378
6,923,419
6,168,587
Fair value of financial assets carried at amortised cost

Except as detailed below the directors believe that the carrying amounts of financial assets carried at amortised cost in the financial statements approximate to their fair values.

The fair values of other financial assets are determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on discounted cash flow analysis using prices from observable current market transactions.

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
7
Investments
(Continued)
- 11 -
Movements in non-current investments
Shares in subsidiaries and associates
£
Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2025
6,168,587
Additions
754,832
At 31 December 2025
6,923,419
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2025
6,923,419
At 31 December 2024
6,168,587
8
Subsidiaries

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2025 are as follows:

Name of undertaking
Registered office
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Doto Europe Limited
1 Agias Fylaxeos, KPMG Centre, Ground Floor, 3025, Limassol, Cyprus
Ordinary
100.00
DOTO Global Ltd
The Cyberati Lounge, Ground Floor, The Catalyst, Silicon Avenue, 40 Cybercity,Republic of Mauritius
Ordinary
100.00
MWS Financial Service Limited
1 Agias Fylaxeos, KPMG Centre, Ground Floor, 3025, Limassol, Cyprus
Ordinary
100.00
Doto South Africa Proprietary Limited
Office number 134, Eastlands Office Park, Bentel Avenue, Jansen Park Boksburg 1459, South Africa
Ordinary
100.00
9
Associates

Details of the company's associates at 31 December 2025 are as follows:

Name of undertaking
Registered office
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Doto International Ltd (Previously known as Weybridge Financial Markets Limited)
Suite 3, Global Village, Jivan's Complex, Mont Fleuri, Mahe, Seychelles
Ordinary
25.00
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 12 -
10
Trade and other receivables
2025
2024
£
£
Amount owed by parent undertaking
100
100
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings
254,623
148,208
Amounts owed by related parties
6,055
6,055
Prepayments
18
409
260,796
154,772
11
Trade receivables - credit risk
Fair value of trade receivables

The director considers that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables is approximately equal to their fair value.

No significant receivable balances are impaired at the reporting end date.

12
Borrowings
2025
2024
£
£
Borrowings held at amortised cost:
Loans from related parties
343,663
343,663
13
Fair value of financial liabilities

The director considers that the carrying amounts of financial liabilities carried at amortised cost in the financial statements approximate to their fair values.

14
Market risk
Market risk management

The company is exposed to foreign exchange risk due to trading within the group being conducted in more than one currency. The company manages this risk by using a treasury function within the finance department. There were no changes to the policy from periods periods.

Foreign exchange risk

The carrying amounts of the company's foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at the reporting date are as follows:

Assets
2025
2024
£
£
Cash and cash equivalents
453,732
160,258
DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
14
Market risk
(Continued)
- 13 -

Whilst the company takes steps to minimise its exposure to foreign exchange risk, changes in foreign exchange rates will have an impact on profit.

The company's foreign exchange risk is dependent on the movement in the non sterling to sterling exchange rate.

The has been no change in methods or assumptions in the period.

15
Trade and other payables
2025
2024
£
£
Trade payables
1,961
393
Amount owed to parent undertaking
-
0
706,471
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings
175
56,302
Accruals
12,240
11,700
Social security and other taxation
-
0
1,440
Other payables
-
27,778
14,376
804,084
16
Share capital
2025
2024
2025
2024
Ordinary share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
Ordinary shares of £1 each
100
100
100
100
17
Retained earnings
2025
2024
£
£
At the beginning of the year
5,347,736
3,503,396
Profit for the year
2,799,501
1,844,340
Dividends
(865,600)
-
0
At the end of the year
7,281,637
5,347,736

Reserves are held for either future investments or for future distributions to the parent.

18
Audit report information

As the income statement has been omitted from the filing copy of the financial statements, the following information in relation to the audit report on the statutory financial statements is provided in accordance with s444(5B) of the Companies Act 2006:

The auditor's report is unqualified and includes the following:

DOTO HOLDINGS LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
18
Audit report information
(Continued)
- 14 -
Opinion

In our opinion the financial statements:

- give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of its profit for the year then ended;

- have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards; and

- have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Senior Statutory Auditor:
Mr Gary John McHale FCCA
Statutory Auditor:
DSA Prospect Audit Limited
Date of audit report:
1 May 2026
19
Contingent liabilities

Other than already included in the financial statements the directors do not believe there are any other financial commitments, guarantees or contingent liabilities that need to be disclosed.

20
Capital risk management

The company manages capital by transferring capital through the group as it is required. The company is not exposed to externally capital requirements. There have been no changes to the management of capital since the previous period.

The company does have a target gearing ratio.

The company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

21
Events after the reporting date

There are no events after the year end that the directors believe need to be reported.

22
Controlling party

As at the year end the ultimate holding company of Doto Holdings Ltd was Holdicom Ltd and its registered office is 1 Agias Fylaxeos, KPMG Centre, Ground Floor, 3025, Limassol, Cyprus.

The company's financial statements are consolidated into the ultimate holding company's financial statements as at 31 December 2025 and are available from the parent's registered office.

Largest group
Holdicom Ltd
Smallest group
Holdicom Ltd
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