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Registration number: 01469631

Visram Limited

Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements

for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

Visram Limited

Contents

Company Information

1

Strategic Report

2

Directors' Report

3

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

4

Independent Auditor's Report

5 to 7

Consolidated Profit and Loss Account

8

Consolidated Balance Sheet

9

Balance Sheet

10

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

11

Statement of Changes in Equity

12

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

13

Notes to the Financial Statements

14 to 30

 

Visram Limited

Company Information

Directors

Y Somji

F Visram

K Visram

M R P Visram

N M Visram

S Visram

Company secretary

S Visram

Registered office

5-7 Ranvilles Lane
Fareham
Hampshire
PO14 3DS

Auditors

Hazlewoods LLP Winsdor House
Bayshill Road
Cheltenham
GL50 3AT

 

Visram Limited

Strategic Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 August 2025.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the group is that of residential and nursing homes.

Fair review of the business

The results for the year, which are set out in the profit and loss account, show turnover of £7,782,432 (2024 - £7,197,760) and an operating profit of £202,041 (2024 - £556,560). At 31 August 2025, the group had net assets of £9,412,390 (2024 - £9,896,273). The directors consider the performance for the year and the financial position at the year end to be satisfactory.

The group's key financial and other performance indicators during the year were as follows:

Financial KPIs

Unit

2025

2024

Revenue

£

7,782,432

7,197,760

Profit/(loss) before tax

£

(45,380)

498,365

Dividends

£

350,000

400,000

Net assets

£

9,412,222

9,896,273

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Group's activities are exposed to a limited financial risk including credit risk, cash flow risk and liquidity. The Group's principal financial assets are bank balances, trade and other receivables and investments.

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or other financial assets. The Group's approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group's reputation. The Group's activities expose it to limited cash flow risk because the liquidity levels are sufficient and debts are usually settled in advance and liabilities are paid in arrears. The group monitors its cash balance on a regular basis to ensure that all foreseeable future needs can be met from available resources.

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or a counter party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The group's credit risk is primarily attributed to trade receivables and cash at bank. The amounts presented in the balance sheet are recoverable and are monitored on an ongoing basis. The credit risk of liquid funds is limited because the counter parties are banks with high credit ratings. Although the group has a significant concentration of credit risk, this is mitigated as the counterparts are mainly local authorities and other institutions such as the NHS with high credit ratings.

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates will affect the Group's income or the value of its holdings in financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimising the return. The company manages its market risk exposure as under:

Currency risk: The Group's functional and presentational currency is GB Pound and accordingly, there is little currency risk on transactions.

Interest rate risk: Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect the interest expense of the Group. the Group's exposure to interest rate risk is primarily on bank borrowings. The interest rate on the Group's financial instruments is based on market rates. Management mitigates interest rate risk by negotiating favourable rates with its lenders.

Capital management: The Group's policy is to maintain a strong capital base to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. There are no changes in the Group's approach to capital management during the current period.

Approved by the Board on 27 May 2026 and signed on its behalf by:


N M Visram
Director

 

Visram Limited

Directors' Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

The directors present their report and the for the year ended 31 August 2025.

Directors of the company

The directors who held office during the year were as follows:

Y Somji

F Visram

K Visram

M R P Visram

N M Visram

S Visram

Future developments

the directors intend for the Group to continue its strategy of organic growth. During 2026, the directors are keen to consolidate the progress made in 2025 and create a robust foundation for future growth.

Disclosure of information to the auditor

Each director has taken the steps that they ought to have taken as a director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditor is aware of that information. The directors confirm that there is no relevant information that they know of and of which they know the auditor is unaware.

Reappointment of auditors

Hazlewoods LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in office.

Approved by the Board on 27 May 2026 and signed on its behalf by:


N M Visram
Director

 

Visram Limited

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group's and the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

 

Visram Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Visram Limited

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Visram Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 August 2025, which comprise the Consolidated Profit and Loss Account, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 August 2025 and of the group's loss for the year then ended;

have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the original financial statements were authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

 

Visram Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Visram Limited

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

the Strategic Report and Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of our knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page 4, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

We considered the nature of the group’s industry and its control environment and reviewed the groups’s documentation of their policies and procedures relating to fraud and compliance with laws and regulations. We also enquired of management about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities.

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework that the group operates in and identified the key laws and regulations that had a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, including the UK Companies Act and tax legislation, and, those that do not have a direct effect on the financial statements but compliance with which may be fundamental to the group’s ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty.

We discussed among the audit engagement team regarding the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the organisation for fraud and how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements.

 

Visram Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Visram Limited

In common with all audits under ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the risk of management override of controls. In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments; assessed whether the judgements made in accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.

In addition to the above, our procedures to respond to the risks identified included the following:

reviewing financial statement disclosures by testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having a direct effect on the financial statements;

performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatements due to fraud;

enquiring of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims and instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations; and

reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance.

Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we are to become aware of it.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Joanne Hartness (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Hazlewoods LLP, Statutory Auditor

Winsdor House
Bayshill Road
Cheltenham
GL50 3AT

27 May 2026

 

Visram Limited

Consolidated Profit and Loss Account for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Note

2025
£

2024
£

Turnover

3

7,782,432

7,197,760

Cost of sales

 

(5,526,790)

(4,967,212)

Gross profit

 

2,255,642

2,230,548

Administrative expenses

 

(2,066,745)

(1,703,105)

Other operating income

4

12,976

29,117

Operating profit

5

201,873

556,560

Other interest receivable and similar income

6

15,172

33,625

Interest payable and similar expenses

7

(262,425)

(91,820)

(Loss)/profit before tax

 

(45,380)

498,365

Tax on (loss)/profit

11

(88,671)

(200,091)

(Loss)/profit for the financial year

 

(134,051)

298,274

Profit/(loss) attributable to:

 

Owners of the company

 

65,295

344,761

Minority interests

 

(199,346)

(46,487)

 

(134,051)

298,274

The above results were derived from continuing operations.

The group has no recognised gains or losses for the year other than the results above.

 

Visram Limited

(Registration number: 01469631)
Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 August 2025

Note

2025
£

2024
£

Fixed assets

 

Tangible assets

13

14,534,565

13,980,682

Investment property

14

304,000

305,000

Investments

15

101

100

 

14,838,666

14,285,782

Current assets

 

Stocks

3,000

7,785

Debtors

16

247,422

1,205,497

Cash at bank and in hand

 

233,028

228,976

 

483,450

1,442,258

Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

17

(1,861,511)

(1,526,074)

Net current liabilities

 

(1,378,061)

(83,816)

Total assets less current liabilities

 

13,460,605

14,201,966

Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

17

(2,343,935)

(2,437,598)

Provisions for liabilities

11

(1,704,448)

(1,868,095)

Net assets

 

9,412,222

9,896,273

Capital and reserves

 

Called up share capital

20

25,000

25,000

Revaluation reserve

4,648,850

4,648,850

Fair value reserve

39,700

39,700

Retained earnings

4,825,307

5,110,012

Equity attributable to owners of the company

 

9,538,857

9,823,562

Minority interests

 

(126,635)

72,711

Shareholders' funds

 

9,412,222

9,896,273

Approved and authorised by the Board on 27 May 2026 and signed on its behalf by:
 

N M Visram
Director

 

Visram Limited

(Registration number: 01469631)
Balance Sheet as at 31 August 2025

Note

2025
£

2024
£

Fixed assets

 

Tangible assets

13

6,150,770

6,303,852

Investment property

14

304,000

305,000

Investments

15

804,520

804,520

 

7,259,290

7,413,372

Current assets

 

Stocks

-

4,000

Debtors

16

5,291,798

4,607,100

Cash at bank and in hand

 

129,445

147,311

 

5,421,243

4,758,411

Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

17

(1,202,240)

(810,753)

Net current assets

 

4,219,003

3,947,658

Total assets less current liabilities

 

11,478,293

11,361,030

Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

17

-

(40,875)

Provisions for liabilities

11

(1,407,856)

(1,417,111)

Net assets

 

10,070,437

9,903,044

Capital and reserves

 

Called up share capital

20

25,000

25,000

Revaluation reserve

4,112,031

4,112,031

Fair value reserve

39,700

39,700

Retained earnings

5,893,706

5,726,313

Shareholders' funds

 

10,070,437

9,903,044

The company made a profit after tax for the financial year of £517,393 (2024 - profit of £454,560).

Approved and authorised by the Board on 27 May 2026 and signed on its behalf by:
 

N M Visram
Director

 

Visram Limited

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the Year Ended 31 August 2025
Equity attributable to the parent company

Share capital
£

Revaluation reserve
£

Fair value reserve
£

Retained earnings
£

Total
£

Non-controlling interests - Equity
£

Total equity
£

At 1 September 2024

25,000

4,648,850

39,700

5,110,012

9,823,562

72,711

9,896,273

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

65,295

65,295

(199,346)

(134,051)

Dividends

-

-

-

(350,000)

(350,000)

-

(350,000)

At 31 August 2025

25,000

4,648,850

39,700

4,825,307

9,538,857

(126,635)

9,412,222

Share capital
£

Revaluation reserve
£

Other reserves
£

Retained earnings
£

Total
£

Non-controlling interests - Equity
£

Total equity
£

At 1 September 2023

25,000

5,260,945

39,700

5,165,251

10,490,896

178,198

10,669,094

Prior period adjustment

-

(612,095)

-

-

(612,095)

(59,000)

(671,095)

At 1 September 2023 (As restated)

25,000

4,648,850

39,700

5,165,251

9,878,801

119,198

9,997,999

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

344,761

344,761

(46,487)

298,274

Dividends

-

-

-

(400,000)

(400,000)

-

(400,000)

At 31 August 2024

25,000

4,648,850

39,700

5,110,012

9,823,562

72,711

9,896,273

 

Visram Limited

Statement of Changes in Equity for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Share capital
£

Revaluation reserve
£

Fair value reserve
£

Retained earnings
£

Total
£

At 1 September 2024

25,000

4,112,031

39,700

5,726,313

9,903,044

Profit for the year

-

-

-

517,393

517,393

Dividends

-

-

-

(350,000)

(350,000)

At 31 August 2025

25,000

4,112,031

39,700

5,893,706

10,070,437

Share capital
£

Revaluation reserve
£

Fair value reserve
£

Retained earnings
£

Total
£

At 1 September 2023

25,000

4,586,458

39,700

5,671,753

10,322,911

Prior period adjustment

-

(474,427)

-

-

(474,427)

At 1 September 2023 (As restated)

25,000

4,112,031

39,700

5,671,753

9,848,484

Profit for the year

-

-

-

454,560

454,560

Dividends

-

-

-

(400,000)

(400,000)

At 31 August 2024

25,000

4,112,031

39,700

5,726,313

9,903,044

 

Visram Limited

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Note

2025
£

2024
£

Cash flows from operating activities

(Loss)/profit for the year

 

(134,051)

298,274

Adjustments to cash flows from non-cash items

 

Depreciation and amortisation

5

418,505

373,680

Finance income

6

(15,172)

(33,625)

Finance costs

7

262,425

91,820

Income tax expense

11

88,671

200,091

Fair value adjustment to investment property

 

1,000

(2,000)

 

621,378

928,240

Working capital adjustments

 

Decrease/(increase) in stocks

4,785

(165)

Decrease in debtors

16

5,075

74,047

(Decrease)/increase in creditors

17

(40,008)

753,499

Cash generated from operations

 

591,230

1,755,621

Income taxes paid

11

(206,955)

(288,784)

Net cash flow from operating activities

 

384,275

1,466,837

Cash flows from investing activities

 

Interest received

15,172

33,625

Acquisitions of tangible assets

(972,388)

(5,253,152)

Net cash flows from investing activities

 

(957,216)

(5,219,527)

Cash flows from financing activities

 

Interest paid

7

(96,157)

(91,820)

Proceeds from bank borrowing draw downs

 

-

2,500,000

Repayment of bank borrowing

 

(40,688)

-

Proceeds from directors loans

 

125,001

-

Payments to finance lease creditors

 

(14,163)

(16,613)

Dividends paid

(350,000)

(400,000)

Repayment of related party loan

 

953,000

-

Net cash flows from financing activities

 

576,993

1,991,567

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

4,052

(1,761,123)

Cash and cash equivalents at 1 September

 

228,976

1,990,099

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 August

 

233,028

228,976

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

1

General information

The company is a private company limited by share capital, incorporated in the United Kingdom.

The address of its registered office is:
5-7 Ranvilles Lane
Fareham
Hampshire
PO14 3DS

 

2

Accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies and key accounting estimates

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

Statement of compliance

These financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006'.

Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention except for, where disclosed in these accounting policies, certain items that are shown at fair value.

The presentational currency of the financial statements is Pounds Sterling, being the functional currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest Pound.

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the company and its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to 31 August 2025.

No Profit and Loss Account is presented for the company as permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006. The company made profit after tax for the financial year of £307,046 (2024 - £454,560).

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is achieved where the company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the Profit and Loss Account from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by the group.

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for business combinations that result in the acquisition of subsidiaries by the group. The cost of a business combination is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the business combination over the acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised is recorded as goodwill.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, are eliminated in full.

Intra-group losses are also eliminated but may indicate an impairment that requires recognition in the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the group’s equity therein. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original business combination and the non-controlling shareholder’s share of changes in equity since the date of the combination.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Going concern

After reviewing the group's forecasts and projections, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The group therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.

Judgements and estimation uncertainty

These financial statements do not contain any significant judgements or estimation uncertainty.

Revenue recognition

Turnover comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the provision of services in the ordinary course of the group’s activities. Turnover is shown net of sales/value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the group. The group recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the group's activities.

Government grants

Government grants are recognised based on the accrual model and are measured at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are classified as relating either to revenue or to assets. Grants relating to revenue are recognised in income over the period in which the related costs are recognised. Grants relating to assets are recognised over the expected useful life of the asset. Where part of a grant relating to an asset is deferred, it is recognised as deferred income.

Tax

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the profit and loss account, except that a charge attributable to an item of income or expense recognised as other comprehensive income is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income.

The current tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements and on unused tax losses or tax credits in the group. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and a valuation allowance is set up against deferred tax assets so that the net carrying amount equals the highest amount that is more likely than not to be recovered based on current or future taxable profit.

Tangible assets

Tangible assets, excluding freehold property, are stated in the statement of financial position at cost, less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. Freehold properties are carried at fair value at the balance sheet date.

An increase in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of a revaluation is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity, except to the extent it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss. A decrease in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of revaluation, is recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any previously recognised revaluation increase accumulated in equity in respect of that asset. Where a revaluation decrease exceeds the accumulated revaluation gains accumulated in equity in respect of that asset, the excess shall be recognised in profit and loss.

The cost of tangible assets includes directly attributable incremental costs incurred in their acquisition and installation.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Depreciation

Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of assets, other than land and properties under construction over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Asset class

Depreciation method and rate

Freehold property

2% straight line

Plant and machinery

25% reducing balance

Fixtures, fittings and equipment

25% reducing balance

Motor vehicles under finance lease

Over the term of lease

Properties under construction are not depreciated.

Investment property

Investment property is carried at fair value, derived from the current market prices for comparable real estate determined annually by external valuers. The valuers use observable market prices, adjusted if necessary for any difference in the nature, location or condition of the specific asset. Changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.

Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method. The consideration for each acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values at acquisition date of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the group in exchange for control of the acquired, plus any costs directly attributable to the business combination. When a business combination agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future events, the group includes the estimated amount of that adjustment in the cost of the combination at the acquisition date if the adjustment is probable and can be measured reliably.

Goodwill

Goodwill being the amount paid in connection with the acquisition of business in 2017 represents the excess of the cost of the acquisition over the company's interest in the net amount of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired business.

Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. It is amortised on a straight-line basis over its useful life of 10 years.

If there is an indication that there has been a significant change in amortisation rate, useful life or residual value of an intangible asset, the amortisation is revised prospectively to reflect the new estimates.

Intangible assets

Goodwill arising on the acquisition of an entity represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the group’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the entity recognised at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is held in the currency of the acquired entity and revalued to the closing rate at each reporting period date.

Negative goodwill arising on an acquisition is recognised on the face of the balance sheet on the acquisition date and subsequently the excess up to the fair value of non-monetary assets acquired is recognised in profit or loss in the periods in which the non-monetary assets are recovered.

Amortisation

Amortisation is provided on intangible assets so as to write off the cost, less any estimated residual value, over their useful life as follows:

Asset class

Amortisation method and rate

Goodwill

Straight line over 10 years

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Investments

Investments in equity shares which are publicly traded or where the fair value can be measured reliably are initially measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. Investments in equity shares which are not publicly traded and where fair value cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Interest income on debt securities, where applicable, is recognised in income using the effective interest method. Dividends on equity securities are recognised in income when receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and call deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

Trade debtors

Trade debtors are amounts due from customers for services performed in the ordinary course of business.

Trade debtors are recognised initially at the transaction price. All trade debtors are repayable within one year and hence are included at the undiscounted cost of cash expected to be received. A provision for the impairment of trade debtors is established when there is objective evidence that the group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the debtors.

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Trade creditors

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if the group does not have an unconditional right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement of the creditor for at least twelve months after the reporting date. If there is an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade creditors are recognised initially at the transaction price and all are repayable within one year and hence are included at the undiscounted amount of cash expected to be paid.

Borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. Interest-bearing borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost, with the difference between the proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the amount due on redemption being recognised as a charge to the profit and loss account over the period of the relevant borrowing.

Interest expense is recognised on the basis of the effective interest method and is included in interest payable and similar charges.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Leases

Leases in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised at the lower of their fair value at inception of the lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments. These assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation.

Lease payments are apportioned between finance costs in the Profit and Loss Account and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of the direct costs of issuing the equity instruments. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis.

Dividends

Dividend distribution to the group’s shareholders is recognised as a liability in the financial statements in the reporting period in which the dividends are declared.

Defined contribution pension obligation

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which fixed contributions are paid into a pension fund and the group has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions even if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. If contribution payments exceed the contribution due for service, the excess is recognised as a prepayment.

Financial instruments

Classification
Financial instruments are classified and accounted for according to the substance of the contractual arrangement, as financial assets, financial liabilities or equity instruments. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities. Where shares are issued, any component that creates a financial liability of the company is presented as a liability on the balance sheet. The corresponding dividends relating to the liability component are charged as interest expenses in the profit and loss account.

 Recognition and measurement
All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at transaction price (including transaction costs), except for those financial assets classified as at fair value through profit or loss, which are initially measured at fair value (which is normally the transaction price excluding transaction costs), unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction. If an arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, the financial asset or financial liability is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Financial instruments (continued)

Impairment
Assets, other than those measured at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each balance sheet date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss as described below.

A non financial asset is impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after initial recognition, the estimated recoverable value of the asset has been reduced. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.

The recoverable amount of goodwill is derived from measurement of the present value of the future cash flows of the cash-generating units ('CGUs') of which the goodwill is a part. Any impairment loss in respect of a CGU is allocated first to the goodwill attached to that CGU, and then to other assets within that CGU on a pro-rata basis.

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss, the prior impairment loss is tested to determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired asset to the extent that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised. Where a reversal of impairment occurs in respect of a CGU, the reversal is applied first to the assets (other than goodwill) of the CGU on a pro-rata basis and then to any goodwill allocated to that CGU.

For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of an impairment is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate.

For financial assets carried at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the best estimate of the amount that would be received for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date.

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss, and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the prior impairment loss is tested to determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired financial asset to the extent that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised.

 

3

Turnover

The total turnover of the company has been derived from its principal activity wholly undertaken in the United Kingdom.

 

4

Other operating income

The analysis of the group's other operating income for the year is as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Government grants

-

12,900

Sub lease rental income

12,976

16,217

12,976

29,117

 

5

Operating profit

Arrived at after charging/(crediting)

2025
£

2024
£

Depreciation expense

418,505

373,680

Operating lease expense - property

-

300

Operating lease expense - plant and machinery

29,477

30,812

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

6

Other interest receivable and similar income

2025
£

2024
£

Interest income on investments

15,172

24,806

Interest income on bank deposits

-

8,819

15,172

33,625

 

7

Interest payable and similar expenses

2025
£

2024
£

Interest on bank overdrafts and borrowings

222,724

88,707

Interest on obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts

2,450

3,113

Interest on related party loans

37,251

-

262,425

91,820

 

8

Staff costs

Group
The aggregate payroll costs (including directors' remuneration) were as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Wages and salaries

3,900,034

3,416,409

Social security costs

346,495

310,282

Pension costs, defined contribution scheme

97,452

73,423

Other employee expense

8,286

6,694

4,352,267

3,806,808

The average number of persons employed by the group (including directors) during the year, analysed by category was as follows:

2025
No.

2024
No.

Managers

7

7

Administrative

3

2

Nursing, Care and Ancillary

119

98

Directors

6

6

135

113

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Company
The aggregate payroll costs (including directors' remuneration) were as follows:

2025
 £

2024
 £

Wages and salaries

2,275,263

2,201,236

Social security costs

231,674

214,613

Pension costs, defined contribution scheme

75,771

56,464

2,582,708

2,472,313

The average number of persons employed by the company (including directors) during the year, analysed by category was as follows:

2025
 No.

2024
 No.

Managers

1

1

Administrative

3

3

Nursing, Care and Ancillary

63

61

Directors

6

6

73

71

 

9

Directors' remuneration

The directors' remuneration for the year was as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Remuneration

205,599

216,514

Contributions paid to money purchase schemes

43,356

23,971

248,955

240,485

 

10

Auditors' remuneration

2025
£

2024
£

Audit of these financial statements

14,150

13,500

Other fees to auditors

All other non-audit services

12,710

19,552

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

11

Taxation

Tax charged/(credited) in the consolidated profit and loss account

2025
£

2024
£

Current taxation

UK corporation tax

258,697

280,545

UK corporation tax adjustment to prior periods

(6,379)

-

252,318

280,545

Deferred taxation

Arising from origination and reversal of timing differences

(163,647)

(80,454)

Tax expense in the income statement

88,671

200,091

The tax on profit before tax for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK (2024 - higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK) of 25% (2024 - 25%).

The differences are reconciled below:

2025
£

2024
£

(Loss)/profit before tax

(45,380)

498,365

Corporation tax at standard rate

(11,345)

124,591

Tax increase from effect of capital allowances and depreciation

230,484

70,849

Effect of expense not deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss)

150,685

4,651

Tax decrease from effect of unrelieved tax losses carried forward

(274,774)

-

Decrease in UK and foreign current tax from unrecognised temporary difference from a prior period

(6,379)

-

Total tax charge

88,671

200,091

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Deferred tax

Group

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

2025

Liability
£

Fixed asset timing differences

536,011

Tax losses carried forward

(726,062)

Deferred tax on property revaluation

1,894,499

1,704,448

2024

Liability
£

Fixed asset timing differences

54,050

Tax losses carried forward

(80,454)

Deferred tax on property revaluation

1,894,499

1,868,095

Company

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

2025

Liability
£

Fixed asset timing differences

38,128

Deferred tax on property revaluation

1,369,727

1,407,855

2024

Liability
£

Fixed asset timing differences

47,384

Deferred tax on property revaluation

1,369,727

1,417,111

 

12

Intangible assets

Group

Goodwill
 £

Cost or valuation

At 1 September 2024 and at 31 August 2025

55,000

Amortisation

At 1 September 2024 and at 31 August 2025

55,000

Carrying amount

At 1 September 2024 and at 31 August 2025

-

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

13

Tangible assets

Group

Freehold land and buildings
£

Furniture, fittings and equipment
 £

Motor vehicles
 £

Total
£

Cost or valuation

At 1 September 2024

13,868,044

525,410

85,345

14,478,799

Additions

666,318

306,070

-

972,388

Transfers

26,730

(26,730)

-

-

At 31 August 2025

14,561,092

804,750

85,345

15,451,187

Depreciation

At 1 September 2024

284,360

189,274

24,483

498,117

Charge for the year

260,422

140,801

17,282

418,505

At 31 August 2025

544,782

330,075

41,765

916,622

Carrying amount

At 31 August 2025

14,016,310

474,675

43,580

14,534,565

At 31 August 2024

13,583,684

336,136

60,862

13,980,682

Included within the net book value of tangible fixed assets is £43,580 (2024 - £60,862) in respect of assets held under finance leases and similar hire purchase contracts. Depreciation for the year on these assets was £17,282 (2024 - £17,282).

Revaluation
In August 2023, freehold land and buildings were valued on an open market basis by Knight Frank, RICS registered valuers.The value represents the fair value of the freehold land and buildings as at 31 August 2025. If freehold land and buildings had not been revalued they would have been included at the following historical cost. Cost of £8,391,409 (2024 - £7,696,361), accumulated depreciation of £1,492,706 (2024 - £955,336).

Included within freehold land and buildings is land with a value of £1,750,000 (2024 - £1,750,000) which is not depreciated. Also included in freehold land and buildings is a building under construction with a value of £Nil (2024 - £5,044,852) which is not depreciated.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

Company

Freehold land and buildings
£

Furniture, fittings and equipment
 £

Motor vehicles
 £

Total
£

Cost or valuation

At 1 September 2024

6,300,000

283,599

85,345

6,668,944

Additions

-

11,930

-

11,930

At 31 August 2025

6,300,000

295,529

85,345

6,680,874

Depreciation

At 1 September 2024

212,000

128,609

24,483

365,092

Charge for the year

125,785

21,945

17,282

165,012

At 31 August 2025

337,785

150,554

41,765

530,104

Carrying amount

At 31 August 2025

5,962,215

144,975

43,580

6,150,770

At 31 August 2024

6,088,000

154,990

60,862

6,303,852

Included within the net book value of tangible fixed assets is £43,580 (2024 - £60,862) in respect of assets held under finance leases and similar hire purchase contracts. Depreciation for the year on these assets was £17,282 (2024 - £17,282).

Revaluation
In August 2023, freehold land and buildings were valued on an open market basis by Knight Frank, RICS registered valuers. The value represents the fair value of the freehold land and buildings as at 31st August 2025. If freehold land and buildings had not been revalued they would have been included at the following historical cost. Cost of £1,880,199 (2024 - £1,880,199), accumulated depreciation of £768,127 (2024 - £692,919).

Included within freehold land and buildings is land with a value of £1,000,000 (2024 - £1,000,000) which is not depreciated.

 

14

Investment properties

Group

2025
£

At 1 September 2024

305,000

Fair value adjustments

(1,000)

At 31 August 2025

304,000

The investment property was valued on an open market basis on 31 August 2025 by the directors.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

15

Investments

Group

Details of undertakings

Details of the investments (including principal place of business of unincorporated entities) in which the group holds 20% or more of the nominal value of any class of share capital are as follows:

Undertaking

Registered office

Holding

Proportion of voting rights and shares held

2025

2024

Associates

Brookvale Healthcare Limited

England and Wales

Ordinary

20%

20%

Company

2025
£

2024
£

Investments in subsidiaries

804,520

804,520

Subsidiaries

£

Cost and carrying amount

At 1 September 2024 and at 31 August 2025

804,520

Details of undertakings

Details of the investments (including principal place of business of unincorporated entities) in which the company holds 20% or more of the nominal value of any class of share capital are as follows:

Undertaking

Registered office

Holding

Proportion of voting rights and shares held

2025

2024

Subsidiary undertakings

Brentwood Homes Limited

England and Wales

Ordinary

70%

70%

Wavemill Healthcare Limited

England and Wales

Ordinary

100%

100%

Hamble Healthcare Limited

England and Wales

Ordinary

70%

70%

Associates

Brookvale Healthcare Limited

England and Wales

Ordinary

20%

20%

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

16

Debtors

   

Group

Company

Note

2025
£

2024
£

2025
£

2024
£

Trade debtors

 

170,478

193,239

108,424

47,816

Amounts owed by group undertakings

22

-

-

5,146,996

3,569,320

Other debtors

 

33,778

34,574

24,770

27,341

Prepayments

 

43,166

24,684

11,608

9,623

Amounts owed by related parties

 

-

953,000

-

953,000

 

247,422

1,205,497

5,291,798

4,607,100

 

17

Creditors

   

Group

Company

Note

2025
£

2024
£

2025
£

2024
£

Due within one year

 

Loans and borrowings

18

416,191

119,890

168,326

16,613

Trade creditors

 

320,647

547,573

138,362

95,795

Amounts due to related parties

22

538,028

501,549

538,028

501,549

Social security and other taxes

 

127,537

98,708

73,656

65,803

Outstanding defined contribution pension costs

 

27,470

25,867

20,990

21,311

Other payables

 

140,993

14,012

128,200

4,149

Accruals

 

122,948

96,604

49,806

46,200

Corporation tax liability

11

167,697

121,871

84,872

59,333

 

1,861,511

1,526,074

1,202,240

810,753

Due after one year

 

Loans and borrowings

18

2,343,935

2,437,598

-

40,875

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

18

Loans and borrowings

Current loans and borrowings

 

Group

Company

2025
£

2024
£

2025
£

2024
£

Bank borrowings

247,865

103,277

-

-

Hire purchase contracts

43,325

16,613

43,325

16,613

Other borrowings

125,001

-

125,001

-

416,191

119,890

168,326

16,613

Non-current loans and borrowings

 

Group

Company

2025
£

2024
£

2025
£

2024
£

Bank borrowings

2,343,935

2,396,723

-

-

Hire purchase contracts

-

40,875

-

40,875

2,343,935

2,437,598

-

40,875

Bank borrowings are repayable by monthly instalments with the final repayment date falling due on September 2043. Interest is charged at the base rate plus 2.37% per annum. The bank loan is secured over the assets of the
subsidiary, Hamble Healthcare Limited.

 

19

Pension and other schemes

Defined contribution pension scheme

The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The pension cost charge for the year represents contributions payable by the group to the scheme and amounted to £97,452 (2024 - £73,423).

Contributions totalling £27,470 (2024 - £25,867) were payable to the scheme at the end of the year and are included in creditors.

 

20

Share capital

Allotted, called up and fully paid shares

2025

2024

No.

£

No.

£

Ordinary A shares of £1 each

16,666

16,666

16,666

16,666

Ordinary B shares of £1 each

8,334

8,334

8,334

8,334

25,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

Rights, preferences and restrictions

The B Shares do not entitle the holders to receive notice of, attend or vote at any general meeting, or to vote on a written resolution of the company. Both share classes have the same rights in all other respects.

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

21

Obligations under leases and hire purchase contracts

Group

Finance leases

The total of future minimum lease payments is as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Not later than one year

13,500

13,500

Later than one year and not later than five years

30,498

43,998

43,998

57,498

Operating leases

The total of future minimum lease payments is as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Not later than one year

69,892

73,088

Later than one year and not later than five years

120,753

169,815

Later than five years

-

1,117

190,645

244,020

Company

Finance leases

The total of future minimum lease payments is as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Not later than one year

13,500

13,500

Later than one year and not later than five years

30,498

43,998

43,998

57,498

Operating leases

The total of future minimum lease payments is as follows:

2025
£

2024
£

Not later than one year

6,608

12,378

Later than one year and not later than five years

6,855

12,449

13,463

24,827

 

Visram Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2025

 

22

Related party transactions

Company

Summary of transactions with key management

Key management personnel are considered to be the directors of the company and key management personnel compensation is disclosed in note 9 to the financial statements.
 
Amounts receivable from a related undertaking with common directors/shareholders at the year end was £Nil (2024 - £900,000). The loan was unsecured with interest of 2-4% per annum. Interest receivable during the year was £8,500 (2024 - £24,000) and the interest accrued at the year end was £Nil (2024 - £67,000). Impairment provision in respect of the loan at the year end amounted to £Nil (2024 - £14,000).

Amounts payable to a related undertaking with common directors/shareholders at the year end was £538,028 (2024 - £501,549). The loan is unsecured with interest of 7-7.25% per annum. Interest payable during the year was £36,479 (2024 - £1,549). The loan is repayable on 28 February 2026.

Amounts payable to the directors at the year end is £125,001 (2024 - £nil). The loans are interest free with no fixed repayment terms.

 

23

Parent and ultimate parent undertaking

There was no ultimate controlling party during the current and previous years.