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| 2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the company's financial statements. |
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Statement of compliance |
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The financial statements of the company for the financial year ended 31 August 2025 have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A (Small Entities) and the Companies Act 2006. |
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Basis of preparation |
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The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis and in accordance with the historical cost convention except for certain properties and financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets. |
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Turnover |
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Turnover comprises the invoice value of goods supplied by the company, exclusive of trade discounts and value added tax. |
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Goodwill |
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Purchased goodwill arising on the acquisition of a business represents the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets including other intangible fixed assets when they were acquired. Purchased goodwill is capitalised in the Statement of Financial Position and amortised on a straight line basis over its economic useful life of 0 years, which is estimated to be the period during which benefits are expected to arise. On disposal of a business any goodwill not yet amortised is included in determining the profit or loss on sale of the business. |
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Property, plant and equipment and depreciation |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or at valuation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises purchase price and other directly attributable costs. Freehold land is stated at cost and is not depreciated. The charge to depreciation is calculated to write off the original cost or valuation of property, plant and equipment, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives as follows: |
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Land and buildings freehold |
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Plant and machinery |
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20% Reducing balance |
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Fixtures, fittings and equipment |
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20% Reducing balance |
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The carrying values of tangible fixed assets are reviewed annually for impairment in periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. |
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Stocks |
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Stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Stocks are determined on a first-in first-out basis. Cost comprises expenditure incurred in the normal course of business in bringing stocks to their present location and condition. Full provision is made for obsolete and slow moving items. Net realisable value comprises actual or estimated selling price (net of trade discounts) less all further costs to completion or to be incurred in marketing and selling. |
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Borrowing costs |
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Borrowing costs relating to the acquisition of assets are capitalised at the appropriate rate by adding them to the cost of assets being acquired. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on the assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred. |
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Trade and other creditors |
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Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. |
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Employee benefits |
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The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund. The company also operates a defined benefit pension scheme for its employees providing benefits based on final pensionable pay. The assets of this scheme are also held separately from those of the company, being invested with pension fund managers. |
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Taxation and deferred taxation |
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Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the financial year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Statement of Financial Position date. Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial Position date. |
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Research and development |
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Research expenditure is written off to the Income Statement in the financial year in which it is incurred. |
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Ordinary share capital |
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The ordinary share capital of the company is presented as equity. |