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Basis of Preparation
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| The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. The presentation and functional currency of the company is pounds sterling. The financial statements are presented in pound units (£) unless stated otherwise. |
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Revenue recognition
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| Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods supplied and services rendered, stated net of discounts and of Value Added Tax. The company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and when specific criteria have been met as described below. |
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Sale of goods
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| Sales of goods are recognised when the company has delivered the goods to the customer, no other significant obligation remains unfulfilled that may affect the customer's acceptance of the products and risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to them. |
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Rendering of Services
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| Revenue from provision of services rendered in the reporting period is recognised when the outcome of a transaction for the rendering of services can be estimated reliably in terms of revenue, costs and its stage of completion of the specific transaction at the end of the reporting period. The stage of completion is determined on the basis of the actual completion of a proportion of the total services to be rendered. When the outcome of a service contract cannot be estimated reliably the company only recognises revenue to the extent of the recoverable expenses recognised. |
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Property, plant and equipment
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Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Part of an item of property, plant and equipment having different useful lives are accounted for as separate items.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Depreciation is provided to write off the cost less estimated residual value, of each asset over its expected useful life as follows:
| | Asset class and depreciation rate | | Land and Buildings | | | Plant and Machinery | | | Short Leasehold Properties | | | Investment Properties | | | Long Leasehold Properties | | | Commercial Vehicles | | | Fixtures and Fittings | 15% reducing balance | | Equipment | 33% straight line | | Motor Cars | 25% reducing balance |
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Financial instruments
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The company only enters into basic financial instruments transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other debtors, cash and cash equivalents, trade and other payables, and loans and borrowings.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. |
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Impairment of financial assets
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Financial assets, other than those at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. These financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. Objective evidence of impairment could include default by a debtor and/or significant financial difficulty of the debtors or counterparty. If objective evidence of impairment is found, an impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.
For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognised is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows,discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate. |
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Leases
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Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
The company as lessee
Assets held under finance leases are initially recognised as assets of the company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.
Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognised immediately in the income statement.
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases,the aggregate benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. |
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Taxation
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| Taxation expense represents the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax recognised in the reporting period. |
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Current Tax
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| The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit before tax as reported in the income statement because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. |
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Deferred Tax
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A deferred tax asset or liability is recognised for tax recoverable or payable in future periods in respect of transactions and events recognised in the financial statements of current and previous periods.
Deferred tax arises from timing differences that are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the financial statements. Timing differences result from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements.
Deferred tax is recognised on all timing differences at the reporting date apart from certain exceptions. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. |
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