The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other
Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102, in full, to all of its financial instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument, and are offset only when the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off
the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously.
Financial assets
Trade, group and other debtors (including accrued income) which are receivable within one year and which do not
constitute a financing transaction are initially measured at the transaction price and subsequently measured at
amortised cost, being the transaction price less any amounts settled and any impairment losses.
Where the arrangement with a debtor constitutes a financing transaction, the debtor is initially measured at the
present value of future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument and
subsequently measured at amortised cost.
A provision for impairment of trade debtors is established when there is objective evidence that the amounts due will
not be collected according to the original terms of the contract. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss for
the excess of the carrying value of the trade debtor over the present value of the future cash flows discounted using
the original effective interest rate. Subsequent reversals of an impairment loss that objectively relate to an event
occurring after the impairment loss was recognised, are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity
Financial instruments are classified as liabilities and equity instruments according to the substance of the contractual
arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the
Company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Equity instruments
Financial instruments classified as equity instruments are recorded at the fair value of the cash or other resources
received or receivable, net of direct costs of issuing the equity instruments.