Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the rendering of services. Turnover is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
The Company recognises revenue when (a) the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, (b) the Company retains no continuing involvement or control over the goods, (c) the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, (d) it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity, (e) when the specific criteria relating to the each of Company's sales channels have been met, as described below:
(i) Sale of services
The Company provides pharmaceutical research services to its customers in exchange for a fee which is generally dependent on the resource dedicated to the project and charged at a certain rate per full time equivalent (FTE) employee per year. Revenue on such contracts is recognised as the services are rendered. The Company also receives milestone payments, these are recognised as revenue when achieved. In other cases, the Company performs research services on a fixed price basis. In this case, turnover is recognised as work is performed using the percentage of completion method, as measured by costs incurred to date compared to estimated total costs at completion.
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in contract assets (unbilled revenue), and contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue and customer contract deposits) on the balance sheet. A contract asset is recorded when a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a customer is conditioned other than passage of time. A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract. Contract liabilities are recognised aa revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.