Financial instruments are classified and accounted for, according to the substance of the contractual arrangement, as
financial assets, financial liabilities or equity instruments. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual
interest in the assets of a company after deducting all of its liabilities. Where shares are issued, any component that creates
a financial liability of the company is presented as a liability in the balance sheet. The corresponding dividends relating to
the liability component are charged as an interest expense in the income statement.