The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” and Section 12 “Other Financial Instruments Issues” of FRS 102 in full.
Basic financial assets, including trade and other debtors, cash and bank balances, and investments in ordinary shares that are not publicly traded, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction Such assets are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less impairment where applicable.
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other creditors, bank loans, director loans, and amounts owed to group undertakings, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction. Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire or are settled. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation is discharged, cancelled, or expires.
Impairment losses are recognised where there is objective evidence that a financial asset is impaired.