The preparation of financial statements in accordance with FRS 102 requires management to make judgements, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. These estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The key areas where management has applied significant judgement or estimation are as follows:
Stock
Stock is stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost includes directly attributable costs of acquisition or development. The directors review stock values at each reporting date to ensure that the carrying value does not exceed the recoverable amount. This review requires judgement in estimating the expected selling price and the costs required to complete and realise the asset.
Prepayments
Prepayments represent expenditure incurred before the balance sheet date that relates to future accounting periods. The directors apply judgement in determining the appropriate allocation of costs between accounting periods and in assessing whether the future economic benefit associated with such expenditure is likely to be realised.
Accruals
Accruals represent liabilities for goods or services received but not yet invoiced at the reporting date. The directors estimate the value of these obligations based on available information, including contractual terms, historical cost patterns, and discussions with suppliers. These estimates may be adjusted when the final invoices are received.
Current Investment Assets
Current investment assets are measured at fair value or estimated realisable value where market prices are not readily available. Where active market data is not available, the directors use judgement in determining the appropriate valuation based on available financial information, recent transactions, or other relevant market indicators. Changes in valuation assumptions may impact the carrying value of these assets.