For the financial year ending 31 December 2025 the company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 Section 1A smaller entities - 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland' and the Companies Act 2006 (as applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime).

These financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional and presentational currency of the company, and rounded to the nearest £.

Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and for the provision of services in the ordinary course of the company’s activities. Revenue is shown net of sales/value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts.

The company recognises revenue for the sale of goods when all the following conditions are satisfied:
a) the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer;
b) the company retains no continuing involvement or control over the goods;
c) the amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
d) it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the company; and
e) specific criteria have been met for each of the company's activities.

The company recognises revenue from the provision of services in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
a) the amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
b) it is probable that future economic benefit will flow to the company;
c) the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be reliably measured; and
d) the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be reliably measured.
 

Other operating income, which includes government grants, has been recognised on an accruals basis in line with the overall revenue recognition policy.

The tax expense for the period comprises current tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except that a change attributable to an item of income or expense recognised as other comprehensive income is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the company operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences between taxable profits and profits reported in the financial statements.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised when it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the reporting date and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Tangible assets are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost, less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of tangible assets includes directly attributable incremental costs incurred in their acquisition and installation.

Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of assets, other than land and properties under construction over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Amortisation is provided on intangible assets so as to write off the cost, less any estimated residual value, over their useful life as follows:

Investments in equity shares which are publicly traded or where the fair value can be measured reliably are initially measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. Investments in equity shares which are not publicly traded and where fair value cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Interest income on debt securities, where applicable, is recognised in income using the effective interest method. Dividends on equity securities are recognised in income when receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and call deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

Trade debtors are amounts due from customers for the services performed in the ordinary course of business.

Trade debtors are recognised initially at the transaction price. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for the impairment of trade debtors is established when there is objective evidence that the company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition. At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stocks are impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell; the impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade creditors are classified as current liabilities if the company does not have an unconditional right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement of the creditor for at least twelve months after the reporting date. If there is an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade creditors are recognised initially at the transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Interest-bearing borrowings are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. Interest-bearing borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost, with the difference between the proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the amount due on redemption being recognised as a charge to the profit and loss account over the period of the relevant borrowing.

Interest expense is recognised on the basis of the effective interest method and is included in interest payable and similar charges.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Leases in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised at the lower of their fair value at inception of the
lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments. These assets are depreciated on a
straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. The
corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.

Lease payments are apportioned between finance costs in the profit and loss account and reduction
of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance
of the liability.

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Equity instruments are measured at fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of the direct costs of issuing the equity instruments. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the inital measurement is on a present value basis.

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which fixed contributions are paid into a pension fund and the company has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions even if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. If contribution payments exceed the contribution due for service, the excess is recognised as a prepayment.

The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at
the date on which they are granted and is recognised as an expense over the vesting period, which
ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. Fair value is
determined using an appropriate pricing model. In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is
taken of any vesting conditions other than conditions linked to the price of the shares of the company
(market conditions).

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is
conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the
market condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied.

At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the
extent to which the vesting period has expired and managements best estimate of the achievement or
otherwise of non-market conditions and of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or,
in the case of an instrument subject to a market condition, be treated as vesting as described above.
The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognised in the
profit and loss account, with a corresponding entry in equity.

Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified or a new award is designated as replacing a
cancelled or settled award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognised
over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognised over the remainder of the new
vesting period for the incremental fair value of any modification, based on the difference between the
fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modified award, both as measured on the date
of modification. No reduction is recognised if this difference is negative.

Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation,
and any cost not yet recognised in the income statement for the award is expensed immediately. Any
compensation paid up to the fair value of the award at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted
from equity, with any excess over fair value being treated as an expense in the profit and loss
account.