Investments are recognised initially at cost, which includes the purchase price and any directly attributable costs.
- Listed investments are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss, with gains and losses recognised in the income statement in the period in which they arise.
- Unlisted investments are held at cost less provision for impairment, where fair value cannot be reliably measured.
- Investments in subsidiaries and associates are stated at cost less impairment in the individual financial statements.
- Investment income, including dividends and interest, is recognised in the profit and loss account when the right to receive payment is established.