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Registered number: 08121803










V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED










ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
G Meardi 
P Marcolongo 




Company secretary
S Ferrara



Registered number
08121803



Registered office
Level 2
20 Eastbourne Terrace

Paddington

London

W2 6LG




Independent auditor
James Cowper Kreston Audit
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor

Apex

Forbury Road

Reading

Berkshire

RG1 1AX




Bankers
Barclays Bank plc
Leicester

LE87 2BB





 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Strategic Report
 
1 - 3
Directors' Report
 
4 - 5
Independent Auditor's Report
 
6 - 8
Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
9
Statement of Financial Position
 
10
Statement of Changes in Equity
 
11
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
12 - 29


 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

Introduction
 
V-Nova is a London-headquartered technology group providing next generation data management and compression solutions and codecs to address the ever-growing image, video, AR/VR and AI data processing and delivery challenges for humans and machines alike.

Uniquely, V-Nova's technology portfolio was designed around hierarchical data representation and massively parallel processing. This enables superior compression, reduced computational complexity and lower power consumption while maintaining compatibility with existing hardware deployments.

The Group continues to provide solutions on the three key technology trends: 
 
Artificial Intelligence (AI) - AI is rapidly evolving beyond text-based LLM models towards Large Multimodal Models, machine vision and Physical AI. By enabling AI systems to process visual data hierarchically and focus computational resources on the most relevant information, V-Nova's technologies reduce compute requirements while maintaining access to full-resolution source data in highly efficient compressed form, dramatically accelerating data curation, training and inference.
Video Everywhere - Demand for high-quality, cost-efficient and energy-efficient video continues to accelerate globally. V-Nova’s LCEVC continues to enable higher-quality video delivery at lower bandwidth and processing costs across media, security, automotive and emerging AI-driven applications.
Immersive XR/VR - The market strives to advance towards truly immersive digital experiences. V-Nova’s technologies remove key barriers to large-scale XR deployment by enabling photorealistic, home-streamable six-degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) experiences on standalone devices.
 
Across all three areas, V-Nova's proprietary technologies and standards deliver significant improvements in efficiency, scalability and quality while reducing processing and infrastructure costs.

The Group's portfolio includes the international standards MPEG 5.2 LCEVC and SMPTE VC-6 (as well as essential IP in other video standards, such as h.265/HEVC and h.266/VVC), and V-Nova PresenZ, a proprietary AR/VR immersive media format.

SMPTE VC-6 is the full distillation of V-Nova’s core technological principles in a hierarchical, compute-native media format wholly owned by V-Nova, designed for the architectural requirements of modern AI training, inference, and live-production pipelines. VC-6 uniquely combines: (a) selective retrieval and decode of only the resolution, frame, or region required by downstream AI models; (b) materially lower decode, I/O, network, and preprocessing overheads across GPU pipelines and (c) compatibility with NVIDIA CUDA, Holoscan, Triton, PyTorch, and AI-native live-production architectures.

LCEVC is a unique, ground-breaking “hybrid” solution that improves any existing and planned video compression codec, at the same time delivering a generational improvement in compression capability and reducing the overall video workflow computational complexity by up to an order of magnitude. As a hybrid solution, LCEVC is notably not in direct competition with any other codec in the market.

LCEVC was adopted as fundamental component of the TV3.0 broadcasting standard in Brazil and is being broadcast live over the air to 70m+ families since early 2026.

V-Nova PresenZ remains the only publicly demonstrated technology capable of delivering photorealistic six-degrees-of-freedom cinematic experiences to standalone VR headsets at mass-market bandwidths through cloud streaming. 

The Company is the operating arm of the V-Nova Group and remains principally focused on the Research and Development of the various V-Nova technologies for the group.

During the year the parent company successfully secured further funding from new and existing investors for £8m, as part of a wider Series C5 funding round. Post balance sheet date, the group received additional investment for £2.6m. The funds raised by the parent company are being used mostly to support the Company’s operating activities.

 
Page 1

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026



For the year-ended 31 March 2026 £1,722,012 is expected to be received as a repayment from HMRC as R&D Tax Credit for the Research & Development carried out during the year, further validation of the company’s persistent innovation.

Financial key performance indicators
 
During the year 2025/26 the Company continued to invest heavily in the development, standardisation and commercial deployment of the Group's technologies whilst supporting strategic customer integrations and commercial roll-outs.

During the year, the Group also materially strengthened its intellectual property position in international video standards, with a further seventeen claims were accepted as standard-essential patents for HEVC, bringing the total accepted portfolio to thirty-four claims. These patents further reinforce the strategic and monetisation value of the Group's intellectual property portfolio.

The Group achieved substantial commercial progress across all three strategic pillars. Broadcasting with LCEVC in Brazil went live during 2026 with mass adoption being rolled out , new commercial contracts were secured, key strategic publications released with several of the world's largest technology companies, and recurring royalty revenue streams became increasingly established. These developments mark a continued transition from technology validation towards commercial deployment and monetisation.

The Company regards the amount of investment in Research and Development as its leading KPI. During the year the Company capitalised £6,373,872 (2025: £5,927,033) in Development Intangibles (i.e., not including pure Research activities that are not capitalised under IAS 38). This indicates the continued commitment of the Company and the Group on the innovation of its core technology and its extension to ever-wider reaching applications.

In clear demonstration of the above investment bearing fruit, during the year the Group filed 260 patent applications (2025: 250) and at balance sheet date had a total of 1,460 pending or granted (2025: 1,200). The Company remains among the most innovative companies in the UK by number of patents per employee, with more than 45% of its employees being named inventors on its patents.

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The Board has overall responsibility for risk management and internal controls; this includes management of market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and internal control.

Key commercial risks relate to the adoption of the Group's technology and products, and building sustainable long-term customer and partner relationships, together with effective product positioning in the marketplace.

The Company derived its revenues in the year from selling products and services. The Company's foreign currency risk is not material at its current stage of development; some goods purchased and sold are denominated in Euros and US Dollars.

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will fail to discharge its obligation. The Company's principal financial assets are cash and trade and other receivables, which represent the Company's maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables.

The amounts presented in the Statement of Financial Position are net of allowances for doubtful receivables, estimated by the Company's management based on prior experience and their assessment of the current economic environment. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings assigned by international agencies. New customers are subject to an initial credit assessment and credit limits are reviewed on an on-going basis and are subject to senior management oversight. The payment position of past due trade receivables is monitored daily and actively managed.

The standard credit terms for sales are 30 days net.


 
Page 2

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026


Liquidity risk in the Company is closely aligned with the risks in the ultimate patent, V-Nova International Ltd and is the risk that the group will not have sufficient funds to pay its debts as and when they fall due. The Group had cash at bank of £1,391,252 (2025: £2,282,487) on 31 March 2026 and has historically successfully raised financing from various sources, including shareholders and new investors. The Directors are confident that the parent company will be able to continue to raise financing to develop and market the Group's products and expand its operations if and when required. As described, during the year and post year-end the Group successfully secured further funding through a mixture of new and existing investors.

The Directors have reviewed the Company’s going concern position, taking into account its own and its parent’s current business activities, budgeted performance, and the factors likely to affect its future development and, as explained in Note 2.3, these financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, taking also into account that the Company’s parent, V-Nova International Limited, has confirmed that it will continue to provide such financial support as the Company requires for its  continued operations.

Future developments
 
The Company will continue to develop and support the Group’s standards and products in future periods, focusing on the scale up of commercial activities in the Media and Entertainment industry and to global Hyperscalers, while supporting the commercial deployment of the Group’s IP to more recent  sectors and verticals, such as Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Edge applications, AR/VR, Imaging, Aerospace, Security, Gaming, and Automotive.

This report was approved by the Board and signed on its behalf.



P Marcolongo
Director

Date: 23 July 2026

Page 3

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

The Directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2026.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’. Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the Company during the year under review was that of software and intellectual property development.

Results and dividends

The loss for the year, after taxation, amounted to £10,958,631 (2025 - loss £11,610,870).

The Company has no distributable reserves and the Directors therefore do not recommend a dividend.

Directors

The Directors who served during the year were:

G Meardi 
P Marcolongo 

Qualifying third party indemnity provisions

The Company has in place qualifying third party indemnity provisions for all of the Directors of V-Nova Services Limited.

Page 4

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026


Disclosure of information to auditor

Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware, and

the Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information.

Post balance sheet events

Post balance sheet date, the Company’s ultimate parent, V-Nova International Limited, received additional investment subscriptions from new investors for £2.6m. The funds are being used mostly to support the Group's operating activities to commercialisation of its solutions.

Auditor

The auditor, James Cowper Kreston Auditwill be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report was approved by the Board and signed on its behalf.
 





P Marcolongo
Director

Date: 23 July 2026

Page 5

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of V-Nova Services Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 March 2026, which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Financial Position, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 March 2026 and of its loss for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Material uncertainty related to going concern


We draw attention to note 2.3 in the financial statements concerning the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. As stated in note 2.3 the Company may be reliant on the Directors of the parent Company being able to raise sufficient additional financing in the next 12 months. These conditions, along with the other matters as set out in note 2.3, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor's Report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Page 6

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of Directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of Directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 4, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance.

The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 




 
Page 7

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


The specific procedures for this engagement that we designed and performed to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud, were as follows:
 
Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims;
Enquiry of management and those charged with governance to identify any material instances of noncompliance with laws and regulations;
Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
Performing audit work to address the risk of irregularities due to management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for evidence of bias.
 
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditor's Report.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.




Alan Poole BA(Hons) FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
  
for and on behalf of
James Cowper Kreston Audit
 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
  
Apex
Forbury Road
Reading
Berkshire
RG1 1AX

27 July 2026
Page 8

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2026
2025
                                                                                                                Note
£
£

  

Revenue
 4 
975,205
-

Gross profit
  
975,205
-

Administrative expenses
  
(12,535,400)
(11,592,725)

Share based payment expense
 18 
(1,051,568)
(884,996)

Operating loss
 5 
(12,611,763)
(12,477,721)

Notional interest on trade payables
  
-
(240,759)

Lease interest expense
  
(62,742)
(91,857)

Interest receivable and similar income
  
1
261

Other interest payable and similar charges
  
(6,139)
(265,672)

Loss before tax
  
(12,680,643)
(13,075,748)

Tax credit
 8 
1,722,012
1,464,878

Loss for the financial year
  
(10,958,631)
(11,610,870)

There was no other comprehensive income for 2026 (2025:£NIL).

The notes on pages 12 to 29 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 08121803

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 MARCH 2026

2026
2025
                                                               Note
£
£

  

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 9 
9,598,105
8,802,338

Tangible assets
 10 
433,305
704,027

  
10,031,410
9,506,365

Current assets
  

Trade and other receivables
 11 
2,725,162
2,513,016

Cash at bank
 12 
679,919
381,304

  
3,405,081
2,894,320

Current liabilities
  

Trade and other payables
 13 
(95,330,194)
(84,111,557)

Net current liabilities
  
 
 
(91,925,113)
 
 
(81,217,237)

 
Non-current liabilities
  

Trade and other payables
 14 
(143,955)
(431,641)

Total assets less total liabilities
  
(82,037,658)
(72,142,513)

 
Provisions for liabilities
  

Other Provisions
 16 
(131,100)
(119,181)

  

Net liabilities
  
(82,168,758)
(72,261,694)


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 17 
100
100

Capital contribution
  
6,460,493
5,408,926

Profit and loss account
  
(88,629,351)
(77,670,720)

Total Equity
  
(82,168,758)
(72,261,694)


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board and were signed on its behalf by: 



P Marcolongo
Director
Date: 23 July 2026

The notes on pages 12 to 29 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026


Called up share capital
Capital contribution
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£

At 1 April 2025
100
5,408,926
(77,670,720)
(72,261,694)



Loss and total comprehensive expense for the year
-
-
(10,958,631)
(10,958,631)

Share options issued by parent Company
-
1,051,567
-
1,051,567


At 31 March 2026
100
6,460,493
(88,629,351)
(82,168,758)



STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025


Called up share capital
Capital contribution
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£

At 1 April 2024
100
4,523,929
(66,059,850)
(61,535,821)



Loss and total comprehensive expense for the year
-
-
(11,610,870)
(11,610,870)

Share options issued by parent Company
-
884,997
-
884,997


At 31 March 2025
100
5,408,926
(77,670,720)
(72,261,694)


The notes on pages 12 to 29 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

1.


General information

V-Nova Services Limited (registered number: 08121803) is a company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act. The registered office is Level 2, 20 Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington, London, W2 6LG.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 'Reduced Disclosure Framework'  and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 101 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Financial Reporting Standard 101 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The Company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions under FRS 101:
the requirements of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures
the requirements of paragraphs 91-99 of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement
the requirements of paragraph 52, the second sentence of paragraph 89, and paragraphs 90, 91 and 93 of IFRS 16 Leases. The requirements of paragraph 58 of IFRS 16, provided that the disclosure of details in indebtedness relating to amounts payable after 5 years required by company law is presented separately for lease liabilities and other liabilities, and in total
the requirement in paragraph 38 of IAS 1 'Presentation of Financial Statements' to present comparative information in respect of:
 - paragraph 73(e) of IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment;
 - paragraph 118(e) of IAS 38 Intangible Assets;
the requirements of paragraphs 10(d), 10(f), 16, 38A, 38B, 38C, 38D, 40A, 40B, 40C, 40D, 111 and 134-136 of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
the requirements of IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows
the requirements of paragraph 17 and 18A of IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures
the requirements in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures to disclose related party transactions entered into between two or more members of a group, provided that any subsidiary which is a party to the transaction is wholly owned by such a member
the requirements of paragraphs 130(f)(ii), 130(f)(iii), 134(d)-134(f) and 135(c)-135(e) of IAS 36 Impairment of Assets.

This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of V-Nova International Limited as at 31 March 2026 and these financial statements may be obtained from Companies House.

Page 12

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.3

Going concern

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, taking into account that the Company’s parent, V-Nova International Limited, has confirmed that it will continue to provide such financial support as the Company requires for its continued operations and so it can continue trading for the foreseeable future.

The Directors have reviewed the Company’s going concern position, taking into account its own and its parent’s current business activities, budgeted performance, and the factors likely to affect its future development. At the Statement of Financial Position date, the Company has net liabilities of £82,169k (2025: £72,262k), of which £92,568k (2025: £82,381k) is owed to other group companies. Given the relationship between the Company and its parent, it is reliant on its parent to maintain sufficient working capital.

Post balance-sheet date, the Company’s parent raised a further £2.6m in equity funding from existing and new investors. This, in combination to existing cash and accounts receivable balances, allows the Group to cover its current forecast monthly cash requirements of circa £1.2m to the end of the current financial year. Since the roll-out of licensing contracts already signed is dependent on clients’ product priorities and the current pipeline opportunities are concentrated in high value deals with selected prospects, it is still difficult to accurately predict revenue performance and timing. In light of the above, the Group may seek additional funding to support its continued investment in R&D and commercial operations. The parent’s Directors have a history of successfully raising funding from new investors and the existing shareholders have been consistently supportive. Whilst there is no certainty, the parent’s Directors are confident that they will be able to raise further amounts as required.

The Directors have concluded that the circumstances set forth above indicate the existence of material uncertainty, which may cast doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and therefore, that may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. However, they believe that taken as a whole, the factors described above make it probable that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future. The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.

 
2.4

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.
 
 
2.5

Leases

The Company as a lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. The Company recognises a Right of Use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease agreements in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases (defined as leases with a lease
Page 13

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.5
Leases (continued)

term of 12 months or less) and leases of low value assets. For these leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is included in trade and other payables on the Statement of Financial Position.

The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

The Company remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related Right of Use asset) whenever the lease term is modified and the modification is not accounted for in a separate lease. 

The Right of Use asset comprises the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. During a prior year the Company entered into a 5-year lease agreement for new operating premises. The Right of Use asset along with the corresponding liability were capitalised in accordance with IFRS 16.

Right of Use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the Right of Use asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related Right of Use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease.

The Right of Use assets are included within Tangible fixed assets in the Statement of Financial Position.

The Company applies IAS 36 to determine whether a Right of Use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss as described in note 2.12.

As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead account for any lease and associated non-lease components as a single arrangement. The Company has not used this practical expedient.

 
2.6

Research and development tax credit

The Company may be entitled to claim special tax allowances in relation to qualifying research and development expenditure (e.g. R&D Tax Credits). The Company accounts for such allowances as Tax Credits, which means that they are recognised when it is probable that benefit will flow to the Company and that benefit can be reliably measured. R&D Tax Credits reduce current tax expense and, to the extent the amounts due in respect to them are not settled by the Statement of Financial Position date, reduce current tax payable.

Page 14

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.7

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.8

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of Financial Position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

 
2.9

Taxation

Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not
reversed by the Statement of Financial Position date, except that:

• The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be 
recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits;

• Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the Statement of Financial Position date.

Page 15

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.10

Share-based payments

Equity-settled share-based payments are issued to certain employees and consultants in the parent Company's equity. Equity share-based payments are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market based vesting conditions) at the date of the grant. The fair value determined at the date of grant is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company's estimate of the shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market conditions. 

Fair value is measured by the Black-Scholes valuation model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management's best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural conditions. 

In the Company financial statements, awards, in proportion to the recipients who are employees and consultants of the Company, are treated as an equity-settled share-based payment, as the Company does not have an obligation to settle the award. An expense for the grant date fair value of the award is recognised over the vesting period, with a credit recognised in equity. The credit is treated as a capital contribution, as V-Nova International Limited is compensating the subsidiaries' employees and consultants with no cost to the subsidiaries as there is no expectation to recharge the cost. In V-Nova International Limited's financial statements, there is no share-based payment charge where the recipients are employed by a subsidiary, with V-Nova International Limited recognising an increase in the investment in the subsidiaries as a capital contribution and a credit to equity. 

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the remaining vesting period.

Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, profit or loss is charged with fair value of goods and services received.

Page 16

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.11

Intangible fixed assets

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

At each reporting date the company assesses whether there is any indication of impairment. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is determined which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognised where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.

 The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Development expenditure
-
3
years

Expenditure on internally developed products is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that:

• the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
• the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
• the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
• how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;
• the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development    and to use or sell the intangible asset; and
• the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its     development

The capitalised development costs are subsequently amortised on a straight line basis over their useful economic lives.

In the research phase of an internal project it is not possible to demonstrate that the project will generate future economic benefits and hence all expenditure on research shall be recognised as an expense when it is incurred. 

If it is not possible to distinguish between the research phase and the development phase of an internal project, the expenditure is treated as if it were all incurred in the research phase only.

 
2.12

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

At each reporting date the Company assesses whether there is any indication of impairment. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is determined which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognised where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.

Page 17

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.12
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Right of Use assets
-
over the life of the lease
Computer equipment
-
4 years
Fixtures & fittings
-
over the life of the lease

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

  
2.13

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Company's Statement of Financial Position when the Company becomes party to the contractual instrument.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. 

Financial assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either fair value or amortised cost, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Financial liabilities and equity

Financial liabilities and equity are classified according to the substance of the financial instruments contractual obligations, rather than it's legal form.

Financial liabilities (excluding convertible debt) are initially measured at their transaction price (including transaction costs) and subsequently held at amortised cost.

The Company applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables. To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on similar ageing. The Company has concluded that the expected loss rates for trade receivables are a reasonable approximation of the loss rates for each ageing category and customer based on historical debt trends.

 
2.14

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

Page 18

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.15

Provisions for liabilities

During a prior year the Company entered a 5-year lease agreement for operating premises. The Company has recognised a provision for the contractual obligation of restoring the premises to its original condition as a long-term liability.

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.


3.


Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The Company makes certain estimates and assumptions regarding the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. In the future, actual experience may differ from these estimates and assumptions. 

Recoverability and useful economic life of tangible and intangible assets

The Company makes judgements regarding the nature of certain types of expenditure in recognising additions to intangible assets. 

Development costs are capitalised only when current evidence indicates that the the expenditure will contribute to the generation of future economic benefits to the Company. In the research phase of an internal project it is not possible to demonstrate that the project will generate future economic benefits and hence all expenditure on research is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. If it is not possible to distinguish between the research phase and the development phase of an internal project, the expenditure is treated as if it were all incurred in the research phase only.

The majority of expenditure capitalised by the Company is labour costs. There is a degree of judgement in respect of the amount of time staff spend on development projects so management use standard capitalisation percentage rates for the differing job roles. 

Judgements are also made regarding the useful economic life of tangible and intangible assets. Assets are considered to begin depreciating in value in the same year that they are initially recognised. Factors taken into consideration in reaching a decision on an asset's useful economic life include the economic viability and expected future financial performance of the asset. Where the asset is a component of a larger cash-generating unit, the viability and expected future performance of that unit is also considered.

The Company continues to make judgements regarding the expected value recoverable throughout the assets life, and recognises impairment losses to the asset's value where the initial judgements and estimations are no longer reflected by actual circumstances or by revised judgements about the future.

Research and development Tax Credits

The Company expects to be entitled to claim special tax allowances in relation to qualifying research and development expenditure (e.g. R&D Tax Credits). The Company accounts for such allowances as Tax Credits, when it is probable that economic benefit will flow to the Company and that benefit can be reliably measured.



 
Page 19

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

3.Judgements in applying accounting policies (continued)

Going concern

The Directors have made certain estimates and assumptions about the future of the Company, and its ability to continue as a going concern. These are set out in detail in the going concern accounting policy above.

Share based payments

The Company has issued share options to certain employees and consultants. The Directors have assessed the variable inputs for the Black-Scholes valuation model to determined their fair value at grant date. The Company accounts for these options as having a variable vesting period that should be recognised when it is more likely than not that the exit event will be achieved. Each year the charge will be 'trued-up' to reflect changes in the expect vesting period determined by judgement of the Directors.


4.


Revenue

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2026
2025
£
£

Services
975,205
-


All turnover arose within the United Kingdom.


5.


Operating loss

The operating loss is stated after charging/(crediting):

2026
2025
£
£

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets
353,302
375,171

Amortisation of intangible assets
5,578,105
5,206,058

Short-term lease expense
139,522
132,795

Auditor's remuneration: audit
43,050
41,000

Auditor's remuneration: tax
8,250
7,750

Exchange differences
10,478
(104,110)

Share based payment expense
1,051,568
884,996

Page 20

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

6.


Employee benefit expenses

2026
2025
£
£
Wages and salaries

7,196,392

6,315,221

Social security costs

1,000,063

766,763

Employee benefits

183,366

169,906

Cost of defined contribution scheme

192,383

171,382

Employee share based payment expense


1,051,568

884,996

9,623,772

8,308,268



The average monthly number of employees, including the Directors, during the year was as follows:


2026
2025
No.
No.



Research and development
60
58

Selling, general and administration
22
20

82
78


7.


Directors' remuneration

2026
2025
£
£

Directors' emoluments
515,672
401,526

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
7,644
5,928

523,316
407,454


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 1 Directors (2025 - 1) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.

The highest paid Director received remuneration of £267,909 (2025 - £209,854).

The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid Director amounted to £7,644 (2025 - £5,928).

During the year NIL directors received shares under the long-term incentive schemes (2025 -NIL)

During the year the Directors were granted 1,000,000 (2025: 2,328,538) share options. The fair value of these options charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year totalled £7,084 (2025: £5,112). The total fair value of options held by the Directors that was credited to the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year, including the trued-up effect from previous years, totalled £327,126 (2025: £294,485 charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income).

The Directors are considered to be the key management personnel of the Company.

Page 21

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

8.


Taxation


2026
2025
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
(1,722,012)
(1,464,878)


(1,722,012)
(1,464,878)


Total current tax
(1,722,012)
(1,464,878)

Deferred tax

Total deferred tax
-
-


Tax credit
(1,722,012)
(1,464,878)

Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2025 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%). The differences are explained below:

2026
2025
£
£


Loss on ordinary activities before tax
(12,680,643)
(13,075,748)


Loss on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%)
(3,170,161)
(3,268,937)

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
276,710
229,776

Other differences
241
-

Surrender of tax losses for R&D tax refund
1,246,974
1,060,773

Additional tax deduction for qualifying R&D expenditure
(1,372,757)
(1,167,774)

Deferred tax not recognised
1,296,981
1,681,284

Total tax charge for the year
(1,722,012)
(1,464,878)



Page 22

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026
 
8.Taxation (continued)

Factors that may affect future tax charges

Unrecognised tax losses

No tax charge arose in the year due to losses incurred. At the year end the Company had unrecognised tax assets of £14,168,957 (2025: £12,708,040). Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of these losses on the basis that the Company is still investing heavily in research and development and as a result the Company is uncertain as to when they will generate future taxable profits against which the losses would be utilised and to what extent.


9.


Intangible fixed assets




Development expenditure

£



Cost


At 1 April 2025
35,898,711


Additions
6,373,872



At 31 March 2026

42,272,583



Amortisation


At 1 April 2025
27,096,373


Charge for the year
5,578,105



At 31 March 2026

32,674,478



Net book value



At 31 March 2026
9,598,105



At 31 March 2025
8,802,338




Page 23

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

10.


Tangible fixed assets





Fixtures & fittings
Office equipment
Right of Use asset
Total

£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 April 2025
129,801
1,002,426
1,137,196
2,269,423


Additions
-
82,580
-
82,580



At 31 March 2026

129,801
1,085,006
1,137,196
2,352,003



Depreciation


At 1 April 2025
71,147
814,469
679,780
1,565,396


Charge for the year
28,859
106,913
217,530
353,302



At 31 March 2026

100,006
921,382
897,310
1,918,698



Net book value



At 31 March 2026
29,795
163,624
239,886
433,305



At 31 March 2025
58,654
187,957
457,416
704,027

Page 24

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

           10.Tangible fixed assets (continued)


The net book value of owned and leased assets included as "Tangible fixed assets" in the Statement of Financial Position is as follows:

2026
2025
£
£


Tangible fixed assets owned
193,419
246,611

Right of Use assets
239,886
457,416

433,305
704,027

Information about right-of-use assets is summarised below:

Net book value

2026
2025
£
£

Property
239,886
457,416




11.


Trade and other receivables

2026
2025
£
£


Prepayments
581,840
611,630

Other receivables
421,310
436,508

Research and development Tax Credits
1,722,012
1,464,878

2,725,162
2,513,016




12.


Cash and cash equivalents

2026
2025
£
£

Cash at bank
679,919
381,304


Page 25

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

13.


Trade and other payables: amounts falling due within one year

2026
2025
£
£

Trade payables
678,838
462,713

Amounts owed to Group Companies
92,567,948
82,380,614

Tax and social security
544,561
209,202

IFRS 16 lease liability
316,455
360,945

Other payables
476,155
78,150

Accruals and deferred income
746,237
619,933

95,330,194
84,111,557



14.


Trade and other payables: amounts falling due after more than one year

2026
2025
£
£

IFRS 16 lease liability
-
287,686

Amounts due to Directors
143,955
143,955

143,955
431,641


Page 26

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

15.

Leases

Company as a lessee

Right of Use asset in the Company is the principal place of business.

Lease liabilities are due as follows:

2026
2025
£
£

Within one year
316,455
360,945

Within 2-5 yrs
-
287,686

316,455
648,631


The following amounts in respect of leases, where the Company is a lessee, have been recognised in profit or loss:

2026
2025
£
£

Notional interest
62,742
91,857

Depreciation
217,530
217,530

During a prior year the Company entered into a 5-year lease agreement for new operating premises. The Right of Use asset along with the corresponding liability were capitalised in accordance with IFRS 16. The notional interest on the lease is recognised in Profit or Loss.


16.


Provisions

During a prior year the Company entered a 5-year lease agreement for operating premises. The Company has recognised a provision for the contractual obligation of restoring the premises to its original condition as a long-term liability.






Dilapidation provision

£





At 1 April 2025
119,181


Charged to profit or loss
11,919



At 31 March 2026
131,100


17.


Share capital

2026
2025
£
£
Authorised, allotted, called up and fully paid



100 (2025 - 100) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
100
100


Page 27

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

18.


Share-based payments

During the year, the Group in which the Company is a subsidiary, granted options to employees and consultants for Ordinary Participating shares in the parent Company under the V-Nova International Limited Enterprise Management Incentive Scheme and Long Term Incentive Plan. Options are only exercisable on an exit event or, under certain conditions, when leaving employment. 

Weighted average exercise price (pence)
2026
Number
2026
Weighted average exercise price
(pence)
2025
Number
2025

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

0.01

214,837,545

0.01
 
206,795,577
 
Granted during the year

0.01

50,620,233

0.01
 
11,093,165
 
Forfeited during the year

0.01

(2,166,220)

0.01
 
(1,866,845)
 
Exercised during the year

0.01

(306,314)

0.01
 
(1,184,352)
 
Outstanding at the end of the year
0.01

262,985,244

0.01
 
214,837,545
 

Of the total number of options outstanding at the end of the year, Nil were exercisable at the end of the year and at the date of approval of the financial statements. 

The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of options granted during the current year under the equity-settled share based remuneration schemes operated by the Group.

2026
2025

Option pricing model used


  Black-Scholes

  Black-Scholes
 
Weighted average share price (pence)


5.44

5.44
 
Exercise price (pence)


0.01

0.01
 
Weighted average contractual life (days)


701

1,066
 
Expected volatility


35%

35%
 
Expected dividend growth rate


0%

0%
 
Risk-free interest rate


3.65%

4.07%
 


The Black-Scholes pricing model was used as a valuation methodology as it is considered to provide a materially accurate estimate for the fair value of options granted.

The volatility assumption, measured at the standard deviation of expected share price returns, is based on a statistical analysis of daily share prices of comparable publicly quoted companies over a term equivalent to the expected life of the options.

The Group did not enter into any share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees or consultants during the current or prior year. At the year end it was more likely than not that an exercisable event (i.e. either a listing or sale) will occur, resulting in a 'trued-up' charge of £1,051,568 (2025: £884,996) in the year.

Page 28

 
V-NOVA SERVICES LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026

19.


Related party transactions

At the year end Mr G Meardi, a Director of the Company, had unpaid salaries, Directors fees and loans totalling £277,955 (2025: £236,955), with £134,000 (2025: £93,000), included within accruals due within one year and £143,955 (2025: £143,955) included within amounts owed to Directors falling due after more than one year.

At the year end Mr P Marcolongo, a Director of the Company, had unpaid salaries totalling £41,000 (2025: £NIL), with the amount included within accruals due within one year.


20.


Post balance sheet events

Post balance sheet date, the Company’s ultimate parent, V-Nova International Limited, received additional investment subscriptions from new investors for £2.6m. The funds are being used mostly to support the Group's operating activities to commercialisation of its solutions.


21.


Controlling party

The immediate and ultimate parent Company is V-Nova International Limited, a Company incorporated in England and Wales. The smallest and largest Group for which Group accounts including the Company are available are those of V-Nova International Limited. Copies of their financial statements can be obtained from their registered office.
Page 29