The directors of the company have elected not to include a copy of the income and expenditure account within the financial statements.true

These financial statements have been prepared and delivered in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

London School of Business & Finance (UK) Limited is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Buchanan House, 30 Holborn, London, EC1N 2HS.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime. The disclosure requirements of section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

A prior year adjustment has been processed which has been outlined in note 18.

This company is a qualifying entity for the purposes of FRS 102, being a member of a group where the parent of that group prepares publicly available consolidated financial statements, including this company, which are intended to give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the group. The company has therefore taken advantage of exemptions from the following disclosure requirements:

• Section 7 ‘Statement of Cash Flows’: Presentation of a statement of cash flow and related notes and disclosures;

• Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instrument Issues: Interest income/expense and net gains/losses for financial instruments not measured at fair value; basis of determining fair values; details of collateral, loan defaults or breaches, details of hedges, hedging fair value changes recognised in profit or loss and in other comprehensive income;

• Section 26 ‘Share based Payment’: Share-based payment expense charged to profit or loss, reconciliation of opening and closing number and weighted average exercise price of share options, how the fair value of options granted was measured, measurement and carrying amount of liabilities for cash-settled share-based payments, explanation of modifications to arrangements;

• Section 33 ‘Related Party Disclosures’: Compensation for key management personnel.

The financial statements of the company are consolidated in the financial statements of Global University Systems Holding B.V.. These consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, Passeerdersgracht 23, 1016 XG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The company has taken advantage of the exemption under section 400 of the Companies Act 2006 not to prepare consolidated accounts. The financial statements present information about the company as an individual entity and not about its group.

The sole member of London School of Business & Finance (UK) Limited, a company limited by guarantee, is Global University Systems B.V. which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Global University Systems Holdings B.V.

The results of London School of Business & Finance (UK) Limited are included in the consolidated financial statements of Global University Systems Holding B.V. which are available from Passeerdersgracht 23, 1016 XG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which the Directors believe to be appropriate for the following reason. The company is reliant on the support of other group companies as a result of the way that the group is financed. Global University Systems Holding B.V.true (the immediate parent) has provided a letter of support to the director which confirms that it will provide sufficient financial support to the company to enable the company to continue to trade and to meet its liabilities as they fall due, for a period of at least one year from the date of signature of the audit report for the year ended 31 July 2025.

As a result, having assessed the response of the directors of Global University Systems Holding B.V., in light of its support and on the basis of their assessment of the company's financial position and Global University Systems Holding B.V.'s financial position, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operational existence for a period of at least one year from the date of signature of the audit report for the year ended 31 July 2025 and continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Revenue represents fees receivable for the provision of tuition and student services. Revenue is recognised on the basis of the estimated timing of delivery of the courses and the provision of student services. For certain courses delivery can vary on a student by student basis and therefore an estimation of the timing of the delivery is made on a course by course basis. Revenue in respect of student services is recognised on invoice.

When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, revenue associated with the transaction is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. Deferred income represents amounts invoiced for which the service will be provided in future periods. Revenue is only recognised when the company has performed all of its required obligations and when all the following conditions are satisfied: the revenue can be measured reliably; it is possible that the economic benefits will flow to the company; the state of completion at the balance sheet date can be measure reliably; and the cost relating to the transaction can be measured reliably.

Other operating income represents rentals arising from the provision of space, and the provision of consultancy services, to companies in the Global University Systems group.

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to surplus or deficit.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

The company does not enter into any transactions that can be classified as other financial assets, including equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity. in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the company has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Provisions are recognised when the company has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the company will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount expected to be required to settle the obligation is recognised at present value. When a provision is measured at present value, the unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in surplus or deficit in the period in which it arises.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leases asset are consumed.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term.

When the company acts as a lessor, a lease is classified as a finance lease whenever it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee, either at the end of the lease term or for the major part of the economic life of the asset. All other leases are classified as operating leases. If an arrangement contains both lease and non-lease components, the company allocates the consideration in the contract to the two elements.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. All differences are taken to income and expenditure account.

Other reserves

In 2014 the company issued £5.4m of perpetual irredeemable bonds on which interest has been waived by the bondholder in perpetuity. The company accounts for such instruments by reference to their substance which is to present the bonds as an equity reserve since the company has no liability to capital or interest.

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

The Directors make an estimate of the recoverable amount of trade debtors at each reporting date. When assessing potential impairment of trade debtors, management considers a range of factors including the current and forecast economic conditions, industry-specific factors, and historical and anticipated cash collections. Changes in the economic, industry, or specific customer conditions may require further adjustment to the provision recorded in the financial statements.

Similar factors are taken into account when assessing the recoverability of intercompany balances. The existence of guarantees provided by other group companies are also taken into consideration when assessing the expected recoverable amount on such receivable balances.

The company is subject to obligations, under an operating lease, to maintain leasehold properties to an agreed standard and remove any alterations made to the property prior to the termination of the lease. In estimating the necessary provision, management review of range of data sources including estimates prepared by surveyors for other similar properties owned in the group, actual payments on properties previously occupied, industry benchmarks and inflation and interest rate data and forecasts. The directors recognise a provision for such obligations based on the assessment of each of these factors and weighted for inflation.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 July 2025 are as follows:

The company is limited by guarantee, not having a share capital and consequently the liability of members is limited, subject to an undertaking by each member to contribute to the net assets or liabilities of the company on winding up such amounts as may be required not exceeding £1.

As the income statement has been omitted from the filing copy of the financial statements, the following information in relation to the audit report on the statutory financial statements is provided in accordance with s444(5B) of the Companies Act 2006.

The auditor's report is unqualified and includes the following:

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 July 2025 and of its surplus for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The Company, along with certain other group companies, is named as a guarantor for a lease held by Interactive Pro Limited, a company in the Global University Systems group. The Company guarantees to pay any rents and make good to the landlord on a full indemnity basis all losses, costs, damages and expenses in case of any default by the lessee. The maximum rent payable under the guarantee, if triggered, is estimated as £9.6m. The Directors consider that no material exposure arises as a result of issuing this guarantee.

At the year end, certain of the company's assets were subject to a fixed charge in favour of external parties.

At the reporting end date the company had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, as follows:

In 2018 HMRC opened an enquiry into historic VAT treatments applied by certain entities in the Global University Systems group, including London School of Business & Finance Limited. The Board are of the view that directives relating to the application of VAT as it applies to education services is open to varying interpretations by HMRC, tax tribunals and courts. As at the year end, appeals were continuing and so no final resolution had been reached in respect of the enquiry. Therefore the Directors consider the outcome of the enquiry, which could include interest and penalties in addition to any assessed VAT liability, to be uncertain.

At year end and at the date of approval of the financial statements, an HMRC enquiry into corporate interest deductions within the wider Global University Systems group is ongoing. The enquiry may result in additional corporation tax, plus interest, becoming payable. However, the enquiry is ongoing and the Director considers that the outcome is uncertain.

The immediate parent undertaking is Global University Systems Holding B.V., a company incorporated in The Netherlands.

The ultimate controlling party is The Heritage Trust, registered in Guernsey.

The smallest group into which the entity is consolidated is Global University Systems Holding B.V., a company registered in The Netherlands. The largest group into which the entity is consolidated is Academic Bridge B.V. The registered office of both parent companies is Passeerdersgracht 23, 1016 XG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.