Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services

provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair

value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

When cash inflows are deferred and represent a financing arrangement, the fair value of the consideration is

the present value of the future receipts. The difference between the fair value of the consideration and the

nominal amount received is recognised as interest income.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the

goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured

reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the

costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of

completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The

stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff

rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue

is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that it is probable will be recovered.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and

rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of

inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance

sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest

elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the

remaining balance of the liability.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is

determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable,

direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present

location and condition.

Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement

cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks

over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or

loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the financial year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements.

Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.