Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services

provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair

value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

When cash inflows are deferred and represent a financing arrangement, the fair value of the consideration is

the present value of the future receipts. The difference between the fair value of the consideration and the

nominal amount received is recognised as interest income.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the

goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured

reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the

costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of

completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The

stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff

rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue

is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that it is probable will be recovered.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of unincorporated businesses over the fair value of

net assets acquired. It is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less

accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is considered to have a finite useful

life and is amortised on a systematic basis over its expected life, which is five years.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit

from the acquisition. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment at

least annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable

amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is

allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets

of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their

useful lives on the following bases:

Goodwill                                 Straight line over 5 years

Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation, is initially

recognised at cost, which includes the purchase cost and any directly attributable expenditure. Subsequently

it is measured at fair value at the reporting end date. Changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.

Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the financial year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements.

Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.