Acorah Software Products - Accounts Production 19.3.600 false true true 31 December 2024 26 January 2024 false false 5 August 2026 true true 1 January 2025 31 December 2025 31 December 2025 15445472 D Eaves J Clifford L Cutten J Sterling 31 December 2025 false true iso4217:GBP iso4217:EUR iso4217:USD xbrli:shares xbrli:pure xbrli:pure 15445472 2024-12-31 15445472 2025-12-31 15445472 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:ConsolidatedGroupCompanyAccounts 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CostValuation 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CostValuation 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ProvisionsForImpairmentInvestments 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ProvisionsForImpairmentInvestments 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Director1 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments frs-core:WithinOneYear frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments frs-core:WithinOneYear frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments frs-core:BetweenOneFiveYears frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:BetweenOneFiveYears frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ComputerEquipment frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ComputerEquipment frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ComputerEquipment frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:FurnitureFittings frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:FurnitureFittings frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:FurnitureFittings frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:NetGoodwill frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:NetGoodwill frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:NetGoodwill frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:LandBuildings frs-core:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:LandBuildings frs-core:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:LandBuildings frs-core:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:MotorVehicles frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:MotorVehicles frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:MotorVehicles frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:PlantMachinery frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:PlantMachinery frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:PlantMachinery frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:WithinOneYear frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RevaluationReserve frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RevaluationReserve frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-countries:UnitedKingdom frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:HighestPaidDirector frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:FullAccounts frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:MediumEntities frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Audited frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Medium-sizedCompaniesRegimeForAccounts frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Medium-sizedCompaniesRegimeForDirectorsReport frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:DeferredTaxation frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:DeferredTaxation frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:DeferredTaxation frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Director1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Director2 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Director3 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Director4 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-countries:EnglandWales frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Subsidiary1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Subsidiary1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Subsidiary1 1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 15445472 2024-01-25 15445472 2024-12-31 15445472 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-core:PreviouslyStatedAmount 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments frs-core:WithinOneYear frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments frs-core:BetweenOneFiveYears frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:CurrentFinancialInstruments frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:Non-currentFinancialInstruments frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:BetweenOneFiveYears frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:MotorVehicles frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:PlantMachinery frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:WithinOneYear frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RevaluationReserve frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RevaluationReserve frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-core:RevaluationReserve frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-core:ShareCapital frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-core:PreviouslyStatedAmount frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-25 15445472 frs-core:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-countries:UnitedKingdom frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 frs-bus:HighestPaidDirector frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31 15445472 1 frs-bus:Consolidated 2024-01-26 2024-12-31
Registered number: 15445472
ECSC Limited
Strategic Report, Directors' Report and
Financial Statements
For The Year Ended 31 December 2025
Contents
Page
Strategic Report 1—2
Directors' Report 3—4
Independent Auditor's Report 5—9
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 10
Consolidated Balance Sheet 11—12
Company Balance Sheet 13—14
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 15
Company Statement of Changes in Equity 16
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 17
Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 18
Company Cash Flow Statement 19
Notes to the Company Cash Flow Statement 20
Notes to the Financial Statements 21—34
Page 1
Strategic Report
The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2025.
Review of the Business
Despite turnover reducing by £300,000 year-on-year, operating profit has been maintained at a similar level due to an improvement in the group's gross profit margin and a change in the sales mix. The prior year included a one-off contract generating approximately £1m of revenue. Whilst this contract contributed significantly to turnover, it generated comparatively lower margins than the group's core activities. In the current year, although turnover has reduced, the gross profit margin has increased from 32% to 35%, as work undertaken was more profitable and delivered more efficiently. As a result, a greater proportion of revenue has been converted into gross profit, offsetting the impact of the reduction in turnover. We have therefore been able to maintain overall profitability despite the absence of the one-off contract and lower revenue levels.
The increase in gross margin is due to better cost control and a greater focus on higher-margin contracts during the year.
The Directors continued to make a conscious effort to try to maintain and improve the gross profit margin by focusing on staff efficiency, a reduction in equipment hire, and a reduction in reliance on subcontracted labour.
A summary of results of the year’s trading is given on page 11 of the financial statements.
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The group will always be exposed to commercial risks, including risks in competition, market opportunity, and compliance with industry accreditations. The Directors are responsible for ensuring that the business risks are actively managed.
Operational risks include skilled labour shortage. To mitigate this the group continues to invest in apprenticeships and training programs to secure and retain a skilled workforce.
Financial Key Performance Indicators
The directors consider that key financial performance indicators are those that communicate the financial performance and strength of the group, these being revenue, gross margin, and operating profit. In addition, the Directors monitor operational key performance indicators by project on a monthly basis.
Other matters
During the year the Group completed the closure and dissolution of Barnet Scaffolding Systems Limited, which had ceased trading.
Page 1
Page 2
Section 172(1) Statement
Under section 172, directors have a duty to promote the success of the group for the benefit of its members. This includes considering the long-term consequences of decisions, the interests of employees, fostering business relationships, and maintaining high standards of business conduct. As the four directors are also the shareholders, this is demonstrated in all aspects of the business and communicated on an ongoing basis.
On behalf of the board
D Eaves
Director
05/08/2026
Page 2
Page 3
Directors' Report
The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.
Principal Activity
The group's principal activity is that of a commercial access scaffolding contractor providing an experienced approach from project inception to completion with an in-house design team.
Directors
The directors who held office during the year were as follows:
D Eaves
J Clifford
L Cutten
J Sterling
Statement of Directors' Responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing the financial statements the directors are required to:
  • select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
  • make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
  • state whether applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS102, have been followed subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
  • prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company and group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Page 3
Page 4
Statement of Disclosure of Information to Auditors
In the case of each director in office at the date the Directors' Report is approved: 
  • so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company and group's auditors are unaware; and
  • they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company and group's auditors are aware of that information.
Independent Auditors
Under section 487 (2) of the Companies Act 2006, SAS Audit Limited will be deemed to have been reappointed as auditors 28 days after these financial statements were sent to members or 28 days after the latest date prescribed for filing the accounts with the registrar, whichever is earlier.
On behalf of the board
D Eaves
Director
05/08/2026
Page 4
Page 5
Independent Auditor's Report
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of ECSC Limited (the "parent company") and its subsidiaries (the "group") for the year ended 31 December 2025 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes of Equity, Company Statement of Changes of Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Company Cash Flow Statement and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland".
In our opinion the financial statements:
  • give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company's affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of the group's profit/(loss) for the year then ended;
  • have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
  • have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions Relating to Going Concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least 12 months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Page 5
Page 6
Other Information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors' responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on Other Matters Prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
  • the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
  • the Strategic Report and Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on Which We Are Required to Report by Exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
  • adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
  • the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records or returns; or
  • certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
  • we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of Directors
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 3—4, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Page 6
Page 7
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
  • Enquiring of management around actual and potential litigation and claims;
  • Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation with applicable laws and regulations;
  • Performing audit work over the risks of management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias.
  • Reviewing the general ledger in detail for all transactions with related parties;
  • Performing walkthrough testing to ensure systems and controls are operating as recorded where appropriate.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
...CONTINUED
Page 7
Page 8
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements - continued
  • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
  • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion of the effectiveness of the Group's internal control.
  • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.
  • Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our Auditors' Report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our Auditors' Report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
  • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audt and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
Page 8
Page 9
Use Of Our Report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters that we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Khushil Gokani
Statutory Auditor
05/08/2026
SAS Audit Limited
SAS House
Chipperfield Road
Kings Langley
Hertfordshire
WD4 9JB
Page 9
Page 10
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Notes £ £
TURNOVER 3 8,078,002 8,376,721
Cost of sales (5,275,574 ) (5,658,247 )
GROSS PROFIT 2,802,428 2,718,474
Administrative expenses (1,684,281 ) (1,558,608 )
OPERATING PROFIT 4 1,118,147 1,159,866
Other interest receivable and similar income 9 4,838 13,407
Interest payable and similar charges 10 (136,317 ) (154,088 )
PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION 986,668 1,019,185
Tax on Profit 11 (208,419 ) (241,295 )
PROFIT AFTER TAXATION BEING PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE OWNERS OF THE PARENT 778,249 777,890
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR - -
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE OWNERS OF THE PARENT 778,249 777,890
The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.
Page 10
Page 11
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Registered number: 15445472
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Notes £ £ £ £
FIXED ASSETS
Intangible Assets 12 (910,681 ) (1,024,516 )
Tangible Assets 13 3,835,636 3,820,219
2,924,955 2,795,703
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors 15 1,899,192 1,644,267
Cash at bank and in hand 651,287 1,036,348
2,550,479 2,680,615
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year 16 (2,799,543 ) (3,481,373 )
NET CURRENT ASSETS (LIABILITIES) (249,064 ) (800,758 )
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES 2,675,891 1,994,945
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due After More Than One Year 17 (461,805 ) (413,458 )
PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES
Deferred Taxation 20 (937,847 ) (943,497 )
NET ASSETS 1,276,239 637,990
CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital 22 100 100
Revaluation reserve 266,000 304,000
Profit and Loss Account 1,010,139 333,890
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS 1,276,239 637,990
Page 11
Page 12
On behalf of the board
D Eaves
Director
05/08/2026
The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.
Page 12
Page 13
Company Balance Sheet
Registered number: 15445472
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Notes £ £ £ £
FIXED ASSETS
Investments 14 2,073,085 2,073,085
2,073,085 2,073,085
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash at bank and in hand 6,556 126,122
6,556 126,122
Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year 16 (1,953,279 ) (2,194,586 )
NET CURRENT ASSETS (LIABILITIES) (1,946,723 ) (2,068,464 )
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES 126,362 4,621
NET ASSETS 126,362 4,621
CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital 22 100 100
Profit and Loss Account 126,262 4,521
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS 126,362 4,621
Page 13
Page 14
In accordance with section 408(3) of the Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and the related notes. The company's profit for the year was £ 261,741 (2024: £ 124,521 profit).
On behalf of the board
D Eaves
Director
05/08/2026
The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.
Page 14
Page 15
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Share Capital Revaluation reserve Profit and Loss Account Total
£ £ £ £
As at 26 January 2024 - 342,000 (342,000 ) -
Profit for the period and total comprehensive income - - 777,890 777,890
Dividends paid - - (140,000) (140,000)
Arising on shares issued during the period 100 - - 100
Transfer from revaluation reserve - - 38,000 38,000
Transfer to/from Profit & Loss Account - (38,000 ) - (38,000)
As at 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 100 304,000 333,890 637,990
Profit for the year and total comprehensive income - - 778,249 778,249
Dividends paid - - (140,000) (140,000)
Transfer from revaluation reserve - - 38,000 38,000
Transfer to/from Profit & Loss Account - (38,000 ) - (38,000)
As at 31 December 2025 100 266,000 1,010,139 1,276,239
Page 15
Page 16
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
Share Capital Profit and Loss Account Total
£ £ £
As at 26 January 2024 - - -
Profit for the period and total comprehensive income - 124,521 124,521
Dividends paid - (120,000) (120,000)
Arising on shares issued during the period 100 - 100
As at 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 100 4,521 4,621
Profit for the year and total comprehensive income - 261,741 261,741
Dividends paid - (140,000) (140,000)
As at 31 December 2025 100 126,262 126,362
Page 16
Page 17
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Notes £ £
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash generated from operations 1 1,066,076 2,375,326
Interest paid (136,317 ) (154,088 )
Tax paid (207,403 ) (98,039 )
Net cash generated from operating activities 722,356 2,123,199
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets - 1,024,516
Purchase of tangible assets (643,436 ) (437,969 )
Proceeds from disposal of tangible assets 54,992 129,420
Purchase of investment in subsidiary undertaking - (2,073,085 )
Interest received 4,838 13,407
Net cash used in investing activities (583,606 ) (1,343,711 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital - 100
Equity dividends paid (140,000 ) (140,000 )
Proceeds from new bank borrowings 82,574 -
Repayment of bank borrowings - (461,253 )
Repayment of finance leases (66,385 ) 458,013
Amount introduced by directors - 400,000
Amount withdrawn by directors (400,000) -
Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities (523,811 ) 256,860
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (385,061 ) 1,036,348
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2 1,036,348 -
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 2 651,287 1,036,348
Page 17
Page 18
Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
1. Reconciliation of profit for the financial year to cash generated from operations
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Profit for the financial year 778,249 777,890
Adjustments for:
Tax on profit 208,419 241,295
Interest expense 136,317 154,088
Interest income (4,838 ) (13,407 )
Amortisation of intangible assets (113,835 ) (113,835 )
Depreciation of tangible assets 573,027 516,757
Profit on disposal of tangible assets - (44,963)
Movements in working capital:
Increase in trade and other debtors (254,925 ) (1,644,267 )
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other creditors (256,338 ) 2,501,768
Net cash generated from operations 1,066,076 2,375,326
2. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, as stated in the Statement of Cash Flows, relates to the following items in the Balance Sheet:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Cash at bank and in hand 651,287 1,036,348
3. Analysis of changes in net funds/(debt)
As at 1 January 2025 Cash flows As at 31 December 2025
£ £ £
Cash at bank and in hand 1,036,348 (385,061) 651,287
Finance leases (779,442) 66,385 (713,057)
Debts falling due within one year - (28,472) (28,472 )
Debts falling due after more than one year - (54,102) (54,102)
256,906 (401,250) (144,344)
Page 18
Page 19
Company Cash Flow Statement
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Notes £ £
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash generated from operations 1 148,901 1,788,408
Net cash generated from operating activities 148,901 1,788,408
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of investment in subsidiary undertaking - (2,073,085 )
Interest received 626 699
Dividends received 270,907 130,000
Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities 271,533 (1,942,386 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital - 100
Equity dividends paid (140,000 ) (120,000 )
Amount introduced by directors - 400,000
Amount withdrawn by directors (400,000) -
Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities (540,000 ) 280,100
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (119,566 ) 126,122
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2 126,122 -
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 2 6,556 126,122
Page 19
Page 20
Notes to the Company Cash Flow Statement
1. Reconciliation of profit for the financial year to cash generated from operations
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Profit for the financial year 261,741 124,521
Adjustments for:
Interest income (626 ) (699 )
Income from shares in group undertakings (270,907) (130,000)
Movements in working capital:
Increase in trade and other creditors 158,693 1,794,586
Net cash generated from operations 148,901 1,788,408
2. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, as stated in the Statement of Cash Flows, relates to the following items in the Balance Sheet:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Cash at bank and in hand 6,556 126,122
3. Analysis of changes in net funds
As at 1 January 2025 Cash flows As at 31 December 2025
£ £ £
Cash at bank and in hand 126,122 (119,566) 6,556
Page 20
Page 21
Notes to the Financial Statements
1. General Information
ECSC Limited is a private company, limited by shares, incorporated in England & Wales, registered number 15445472 . The registered office is SAS House, Chipperfield Road , Kings Langley, WD4 9JB. The principal place of business is The Lodge, Essex Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, EN11 0AT.
2. Accounting Policies
2.1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.
The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies.
The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
2.2. Basis Of Consolidation
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'' and the Companies Act 2006.
2.3. Going Concern Disclosure
The Directors have assessed whether the Company has adequate resources to meet its obligations as they fall due and beyond the 12 months from the date of the approval of these financial statements. The Directors have reviewed their forecasts and cash flow requirements for this period.
The Directors are confident that the Company has sufficient working capital available to continue in operational existence for the forseeable future and believe that the going concern basis of accounting is appropriate for these annual financial statements.
2.4. Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services. Turnover is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
Rendering of services
Turnover from the rendering of services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of a contract is measured by comparing the costs incurred for work performed to date to the total estimated contract costs. Turnover is only recognised to the extent of recoverable expenses when the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably.
Page 21
Page 22
2.5. Intangible Fixed Assets and Amortisation - Goodwill
Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.
All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years.
2.6. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Tangible fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of the fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases:
Leasehold straight line over the term of the lease
Plant & Machinery 2-25 years
Motor Vehicles 25% straight line
Fixtures & Fittings 25% straight line
Computer Equipment 25% straight line
2.7. Leasing and Hire Purchase Contracts
Assets obtained under finance leases are capitalised as tangible fixed assets. Assets acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. Assets acquired under hire purchase contracts are depreciated over their useful lives. Finance leases are those where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership are assumed by the group. Obligations under such agreements are included in the creditors net of the finance charge allocated to future periods. The finance element of the rental payment is charged to the profit and loss account so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge on the net obligation outstanding in each period.
Rentals applicable to operating leases where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership remain with the lessor are charged to the Income Statement as incurred.
2.8. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and are readily convertible to a known amount of cash with insignificant risk of change in value, and bank overdrafts.
Page 22
Page 23
2.9. Financial Instruments
The Group only enters into basic financial instrument transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other debtors and creditors.
(i) Financial assets
Basic financial assets, including trade and other debtors and cash and bank balances, are intitially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Such assets are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
At the end of each reporting period, financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in the Income Statement.
If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversalis such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised.The impairment reversal is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Financial assets are derecognised when (a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or (b) substantially all the risks and reward of the ownership and control of the asset has been transferred to another party who has the practical ability to unilaterally sell the asset to an unrelated third party without imposing additional restrictions.
(ii) Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other creditors and accruals, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade creditors are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.
(iii) Offsetting
Financial assets and liablities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Page 23
Page 24
2.10. Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible timing differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax liabilities are presented within provisions for liabilities and deferred tax assets within debtors. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss for the year, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case current and deferred tax are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
2.11. Pensions
The group operates a defined pension contribution scheme. Contributions are charged to the profit and loss account as they become payable in accordance with the rules of the scheme.
3. Turnover
Analysis of turnover by geographical market is as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
United Kingdom 8,078,002 8,376,721
8,078,002 8,376,721
Page 24
Page 25
4. Operating Profit
The operating profit is stated after charging:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets 573,027 516,757
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets (113,835 ) (113,835 )
5. Auditor's Remuneration
Remuneration received by the group's auditors and their associates during the year was as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Audit Services
Audit of the company's financial statements 12,360 11,500
6. Staff Costs
Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Wages and salaries 3,513,360 3,695,369
Social security costs 452,434 406,627
Other pension costs 95,107 89,667
4,060,901 4,191,663
7. Average Number of Employees
Group
Average number of employees, including directors, during the year was: 74 (2024: 74)
Company
Average number of employees, including directors, during the year was: 4 (2024: 4)
74 74
4 4
Page 25
Page 26
8. Directors' remuneration
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Emoluments 379,427 371,532
Company contributions to money purchase pension schemes 18,872 15,404
398,299 386,936
The number of directors to whom retirement benefits were accruing was as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Defined benefit pension schemes 3 3
Information regarding the highest paid director was as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Emoluments 154,462 145,879
Company contributions to money purchase pension schemes 7,723 6,341
162,185 152,220
9. Interest Receivable and Similar Income
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Bank interest receivable 4,838 12,089
Other interest receivable - 1,318
4,838 13,407
Page 26
Page 27
10. Interest Payable and Similar Charges
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Bank loans and overdrafts 73,183 79,938
Finance charges payable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts 63,134 74,150
136,317 154,088
11. Tax on Profit
The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows:
Tax Rate 31 December 2025 31 December 2024
31 December 2025 31 December 2024 £ £
Current tax
UK Corporation Tax 25.0% 25.0% 214,069 138,225
Prior period adjustment - 8,349
214,069 146,574
Deferred Tax
Deferred taxation (5,650 ) 94,721
Total tax charge for the period 208,419 241,295
The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit and the standard rate of corporation tax as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Profit before tax 986,668 1,019,185
Tax on profit at 25% (UK standard rate) 246,667 254,796
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 108,763 96,099
...CONTINUED
Page 27
Page 28
Capital allowances (141,361 ) (212,670 )
Short term timing differences (5,650 ) 94,721
Prior period adjustment - 8,349
Total tax charge for the period 208,419 241,295
12. Intangible Assets
Group
Goodwill
£
Cost
As at 1 January 2025 (1,008,351 )
As at 31 December 2025 (1,008,351 )
Amortisation
As at 1 January 2025 16,165
Other (113,835 )
As at 31 December 2025 (97,670 )
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2025 (910,681 )
As at 1 January 2025 (1,024,516 )
The group acquired Barnet Scaffolding Systems Limited in 2023 which led to the recognition of negative goodwill in the intangible assets as shown above.
Company
The company had no intangible fixed assets as at 31 December 2025 or 31 December 2024.
13. Tangible Assets
Group
Land & Property
Leasehold Plant & Machinery Motor Vehicles Fixtures & Fittings
£ £ £ £
Cost
As at 1 January 2025 22,670 5,902,900 1,241,145 54,196
Additions - 229,760 413,676 -
Disposals - (42,300 ) (231,000 ) -
As at 31 December 2025 22,670 6,090,360 1,423,821 54,196
...CONTINUED
Page 28
Page 29
Depreciation
As at 1 January 2025 10,390 2,693,644 643,286 53,372
Provided during the period 2,267 306,697 263,583 480
Disposals - (25,791 ) (192,517 ) -
As at 31 December 2025 12,657 2,974,550 714,352 53,852
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2025 10,013 3,115,810 709,469 344
As at 1 January 2025 12,280 3,209,256 597,859 824
Computer Equipment Total
£ £
Cost
As at 1 January 2025 29,158 7,250,069
Additions - 643,436
Disposals - (273,300 )
As at 31 December 2025 29,158 7,620,205
Depreciation
As at 1 January 2025 29,158 3,429,850
Provided during the period - 573,027
Disposals - (218,308 )
As at 31 December 2025 29,158 3,784,569
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2025 - 3,835,636
As at 1 January 2025 - 3,820,219
Included above are assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts with a net book value as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Plant & Machinery 1,001,330 937,071
Motor Vehicles 673,403 565,597
1,674,733 1,502,668
Page 29
Page 30
Company
The company had no tangible fixed assets as at 31 December 2025 or 31 December 2024.
14. Investments
Company
Subsidiaries
£
Cost
As at 1 January 2025 2,073,085
As at 31 December 2025 2,073,085
Provision
As at 1 January 2025 -
As at 31 December 2025 -
Net Book Value
As at 31 December 2025 2,073,085
As at 1 January 2025 2,073,085
Subsidiaries
Details of the group's subsidiaries as at 31 December 2025 are as follows:
Name of undertaking Registered Office Class of shares held Direct holding Indirect holding
Barnet Scaffolding Services Limited SAS House, Friarswood, Chipperfield Road, Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, WD4 9JB Ordinary 100.00% -
The aggregate capital and reserves and the result for the year of the subsidiaries listed above was as follows:
Capital and Reserves Profit/(loss)
£ £
Barnet Scaffolding Services Limited 4,133,642 673,622
During the year, Barnet Scaffolding Systems Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary undertaking, ceased trading and was subsequently dissolved. The results of Barnet Scaffolding Systems Limited have been included in the consolidated financial statements up to the date of dissolution.
Page 30
Page 31
15. Debtors
Group Company
31 December 2025 31 December 2024 31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £ £ £
Due within one year
Trade debtors 1,801,552 1,484,447 - -
Other debtors 97,640 159,820 - -
1,899,192 1,644,267 - -
16. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year
Group Company
31 December 2025 31 December 2024 31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £ £ £
Net obligations under finance lease and hire purchase contracts 305,354 365,984 - -
Trade creditors 343,078 612,223 - -
Bank loans and overdrafts 28,472 - - -
Amounts owed to group undertakings - - 1,947,279 1,788,586
Other creditors 463,522 843,727 - 400,000
Corporation tax 144,891 138,225 - -
Taxation and social security 103,966 75,395 - -
Accruals and deferred income 1,410,260 1,445,819 6,000 6,000
2,799,543 3,481,373 1,953,279 2,194,586
17. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due After More Than One Year
Group
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Net obligations under finance lease and hire purchase contracts 407,703 413,458
Bank loans 54,102 -
461,805 413,458
Page 31
Page 32
18. Loans
An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:
Group
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Amounts falling due within one year or on demand:
Bank loans 28,472 -
Group
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Amounts falling due between one and five years:
Bank loans 54,102 -
19. Obligations Under Finance Leases and Hire Purchase
Group
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
The future minimum finance lease payments are as follows:
Not later than one year 305,354 365,984
Later than one year and not later than five years 407,703 413,458
713,057 779,442
713,057 779,442
20. Deferred Taxation
The provision for deferred tax is made up as follows:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Other timing differences 937,847 943,497
Page 32
Page 33
21. Provisions for Liabilities
Group
Deferred Tax Total
£ £
As at 1 January 2025 943,497 943,497
Utilised (5,650 ) (5,650)
Balance at 31 December 2025 937,847 937,847
22. Share Capital
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Allotted, Called up and fully paid 100 100
23. Capital Commitments
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
At the end of the period - 377,874
At the end of the period, neither the group, nor the company itself, had capital commitments contracted for but not provided in these financial statements. 
24. Other Commitments
The total of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as following:
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
Not later than one year 154,422 129,422
Later than one year and not later than five years 492,482 533,128
646,904 662,550
Page 33
Page 34
25. Pension Commitments
The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.
During the year the charge to the profit and loss account in respect of defined contribution schemes was £95,107 (2024: £89,667).
At the balance sheet date contributions of £17,325 (2024: £12,419) were due to the fund and are included in creditors.
26. Dividends
31 December 2025 31 December 2024
£ £
On equity shares:
Final dividend paid 140,000 140,000
27. Related Party Disclosures
The group has taken advantage of exemption, under 33.1A of the Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland", not to disclose transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group.
28. Controlling Parties
The company has no controlling party.
Page 34