A financial instrument is a contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
When a financial asset or financial liability is recognised initially, the entity shall measure it at the transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes, in effect, a financing transaction. An arrangement constitutes a financing transaction if payment is deferred beyond normal business terms or is financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate.
At the end of each reporting period, an entity shall measure all financial instruments which constitute a financing arrangement at fair value and recognise changes in fair value in profit orloss.