Company registration number 01254855 (England and Wales)
KROHNE LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
KROHNE LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
Mr E Jukes
Mr W Aitchison
Mr A Muschamp
Mr J Millar
Secretary
Mr J Millar
Company number
01254855
Registered office
34-38 Rutherford Drive
Park Farm Industrial Estate
Wellingborough
Northamptonshire
NN8 6AE
Auditor
Mercer & Hole LLP
Trinity Court
Church Street
Rickmansworth
WD3 1RT
Business address
34-38 Rutherford Drive
Park Farm Industrial Estate
Wellingborough
Northamptonshire
NN8 6AE
KROHNE LIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
Strategic report
1 - 3
Directors' report
4 - 5
Directors' responsibilities statement
6
Independent auditor's report
7 - 9
Statement of comprehensive income
10
Balance sheet
11
Statement of changes in equity
12
Statement of cash flows
13
Notes to the financial statements
14 - 26
KROHNE LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 1 -
The directors present their report and the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 December 2025.
Results and dividends
The results for the year are shown in the statement of comprehensive income on page 10. The loss for the year after taxation amounted to £871,597 (2024: Profit £1,193,970). The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend for the year.
Review of the business
As reported in the company's statement of comprehensive income on page 10 turnover has decreased by 12.02% from £59,673,527 to £52,503,625. Profit after tax has also decreased from £1,193,970 to loss of £871,597 in the same period as a result of reduced sales volumes.
The company continued to focus on its core production and Research and Development activities with increased investment in people, production / distribution space, and plant and machinery.
Future developments
The directors consider that the 2026 financial year will be another year of challenging trading conditions but with reasonable prospects for growth. The directors will maintain the core Group management policies and procedures with necessary flexibility for both the UK and global markets the Business serves. The company will continue to increase investment into its successful Research and Development program providing patented products for a broad range of market applications. Investment in specialist production processes will continue to extend the manufacturing capabilities of the business.
Principal risks and uncertainties facing the business
Management continually monitor the key risks facing the company, together with assessing the controls used for managing these risks. The board of directors formally review and document the principal risks facing the business at least annually.
Political Barriers: The directors continue to monitor closely the potential risks and post exit impact of BREXIT and changing tariffs with respect to domestic and international trading as well as on the ongoing volatile economic and political situations in the Middle East, Russia and Ukraine.
Economic factors: The company acknowledges the importance of maintaining close relationships with its key customers in order to be able to identify the early signs of potential financial difficulties. Trends in the company’s major markets and the € / £ exchange rate are constantly reviewed to enable action to be taken in the event of sales declining or being delayed.
The Supply Chain: The company's purchasing activities could expose it to over reliance on certain suppliers and inflationary pricing pressures. The company manages this risk by ensuring there is sufficient breadth in its supplier base and by constantly seeking to find potential alternative more cost effective suppliers with similar or better quality standards.
Personnel: Retaining skilled personnel and the recruitment of suitably skilled personnel present a constant challenge for the company. Management seeks to ensure that all personnel are appropriately remunerated within a professional work environment offering training and promotional opportunities.
Key performance indicators
Management use a range of performance measures to monitor and manage the company. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used to determine the progress and performance of the company are set out below:
Turnover:
Turnover has decreased by 12.02% compared to the previous year.
Gross profit margin:
The company's gross profit margin decreased in the year under review from 15.80% to 11.55%.
KROHNE LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 2 -
Financial instruments
The company's principal financial instruments comprise of bank loans and overdrafts and amounts owed to group undertakings.
The main purpose of these instruments is to finance the company's operations.
In respect of bank balances, the liquidity risk is managed by transferring funds between the accounts of the company to manage the exposure to currency fluctuation.
Trade debtors are managed in respect of credit and cash flow risk by policies concerning the credit offered to customers and the regular monitoring of amounts outstanding for both time and credit limits. Liquidity risk in respect of creditors is managed by ensuring sufficient funds are available to meet amounts due.
Financial position at reporting date
The balance sheet shows that the company's net assets at the year-end have decreased from £32,910,783 to £32,039,186.
S172 Statement
The directors have had regard to the matters set out in section 172(1)(a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 in exercising their duty to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. The directors consider the Company’s key stakeholders to be its Shareholders, Employees, Customers, Suppliers and Regulators. The Board seeks to understand the respective interests of such groups so that these may be properly considered in the Board’s decisions. We do this through various methods, including: direct engagement by the appropriate Board member(s); receiving reports and updates from members of management who engage with such groups; and coverage in our Board papers of relevant stakeholder interests with regard to proposed courses of action. |
In considering the likely long-term consequences of any strategic decisions they make; the directors recognise their understanding of the business and the evolving environment in which the company operates is critical. Through their day-to-day involvement in the business, the directors are able to keep pace with the changes and challenges faced and can ensure this is incorporated into their strategic plans.
By providing a safe and secure working environment for employees, the directors are mindful that the company's employees are fundamental and core to the business and delivery of the Board's strategic plans. The success of the business depends on attracting, developing, retaining and motivating employees. Delivering the strategy also requires good relationships with suppliers, clients, governments and local communities and the directors work continuously to achieve this.
In order to maintain the company's reputation for high standards of business conduct the directors’ review and approve clear plans, policies and frameworks periodically, and regular reviews so they can ensure that those high standards are maintained across all relationships, internally and externally. This is complemented by the way the directors monitor ongoing changes with governance standards and adapt the company's policies and procedures to reflect those that are relevant to the size and industry of the business. The company’s environmental impact is monitored by the directors and further details can be found in this report.
Finally, the directors recognise their role is key through not just their words but their own actions in ensuring the desired culture is embedded in the values, attitudes and behaviours the company demonstrates through its external activities and stakeholder relationships.
KROHNE LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 3 -
Mr J Millar
Secretary
19 June 2026
KROHNE LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 4 -
The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.
Principal activities
The principal activity of the company continued to be the design, manufacture, supply and servicing of measurement and control instrumentation.
Results and dividends
The results for the year are set out on page 10.
No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.
Directors
The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:
Mr E Jukes
Mr W Aitchison
Mr A Muschamp
Mr J Millar
Research and development
The company carried out research & development in the year relating to the supply of measurement and control instrumentation. This resulted in a research & development tax credit (note 10).
Disabled persons
Applications for employment by disabled persons are always fully considered, bearing in mind the aptitudes of the applicant concerned. In the event of members of staff becoming disabled, every effort is made to ensure that their employment within the company continues and that the appropriate training is arranged. It is the policy of the company that the training, career development and promotion of disabled persons should, as far as possible, be identical to that of other employees.
Employee involvement
The company's policy is to consult and discuss with employees' matters likely to affect employees' interests.
Information about matters of concern to employees is given through information bulletins and reports which seek to achieve a common awareness on the part of all employees of the financial and economic factors affecting the company's performance.
Auditor
In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Mercer & Hole LLP be reappointed as auditor of the company will be put at a General Meeting.
Energy and carbon report
2025
2024
Energy consumption
kWh
kWh
Aggregate of energy consumption in the year
4,280,053
4,307,181
KROHNE LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 5 -
2025
2024
Emissions of CO2 equivalent
metric tonnes
metric tonnes
Scope 1 - direct emissions
- Gas combustion
301.20
305.30
- Fuel consumed for owned transport
70.80
60.10
372.00
365.40
Scope 2 - indirect emissions
- Electricity purchased
406.10
485.40
Scope 3 - other indirect emissions
- Fuel consumed for transport not owned by the company
9.50
8.60
Total gross emissions
787.60
859.40
Intensity ratio
Tonnes CO2e per full-time employee
1.45
1.40
Quantification and reporting methodology
We have followed the 2019 HM Government Environmental Reporting Guidelines. We have also used the GHG Reporting Protocol – Corporate Standard and have used the 2020 UK Government’s Conversion Factors for Company Reporting.
Intensity ratio measurement
The chosen intensity measurement ratio is total gross emissions in metric tonnes CO2e per full time employee, the recommended ratio for the sector. In the current year and prior year, the operation emission intensity ratio includes green tariff (REGO) electricity, which has been in place since April 2024.
Measures taken to improve energy efficiency
Statement of disclosure to auditor
So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.
By order of the board
Mr J Millar
Secretary
19 June 2026
KROHNE LIMITED
DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 6 -
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period.
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
KROHNE LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF KROHNE LIMITED
- 7 -
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Krohne Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2025 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, the balance sheet, the statement of changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion the financial statements:
give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of its loss for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:
the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
KROHNE LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF KROHNE LIMITED (CONTINUED)
- 8 -
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.
Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
We gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the company and the industry in which it operates and considered the risk of acts by the company that were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. These included, but were not limited to, the Companies Act 2006 and tax legislation.
We evaluated management's incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements and the financial report (including the risk of override of controls), and determined that the principal risks were related to posting inappropriate entries including journals to overstate revenue or understate expenditure and management bias in accounting estimates.
Audit procedures performed by the engagement team included:
discussions with management, including considerations of known or suspected instances of non- compliance with laws and regulations and fraud;
gaining an understanding of management's controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities; and
identifying and testing journal entries.
KROHNE LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF KROHNE LIMITED (CONTINUED)
- 9 -
Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations (irregularities) is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards would identify it. In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing non- compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.
A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Jolene Upshall FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Mercer & Hole LLP, Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants
Trinity Court
Church Street
Rickmansworth
WD3 1RT
22 June 2026
KROHNE LIMITED
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 10 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
Turnover
52,503,625
59,673,527
Cost of sales
(46,440,460)
(50,246,872)
Gross profit
6,063,165
9,426,655
Administrative expenses
(7,576,375)
(7,707,834)
Operating (loss)/profit
4
(1,513,210)
1,718,821
Interest receivable and similar income
8
12,713
739
Interest payable and similar expenses
9
(65,710)
(150,152)
(Loss)/profit before taxation
(1,566,207)
1,569,408
Tax on (loss)/profit
10
694,610
(375,438)
(Loss)/profit for the financial year
(871,597)
1,193,970
The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.
KROHNE LIMITED
BALANCE SHEET
AS AT
31 DECEMBER 2025
31 December 2025
- 11 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Tangible assets
11
15,361,445
15,144,581
Current assets
Stocks
12
16,157,962
14,742,730
Debtors
13
18,015,502
16,809,690
Cash at bank and in hand
3,794,924
3,288,102
37,968,388
34,840,522
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
14
(20,228,468)
(15,748,100)
Net current assets
17,739,920
19,092,422
Total assets less current liabilities
33,101,365
34,237,003
Provisions for liabilities
Deferred tax liability
16
1,062,179
1,326,220
(1,062,179)
(1,326,220)
Net assets
32,039,186
32,910,783
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
18
1,000,000
1,000,000
Profit and loss reserves
31,039,186
31,910,783
Total equity
32,039,186
32,910,783
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 19 June 2026 and are signed on its behalf by:
Mr E Jukes
Director
Company registration number 01254855 (England and Wales)
KROHNE LIMITED
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 12 -
Share capital
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2024
1,000,000
30,716,813
31,716,813
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
1,193,970
1,193,970
Balance at 31 December 2024
1,000,000
31,910,783
32,910,783
Year ended 31 December 2025:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
(871,597)
(871,597)
Balance at 31 December 2025
1,000,000
31,039,186
32,039,186
KROHNE LIMITED
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 13 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
23
1,163,731
4,571,507
Interest paid
(65,710)
(150,152)
Income taxes refunded/(paid)
566,817
(258,000)
Net cash inflow from operating activities
1,664,838
4,163,355
Investing activities
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(1,147,917)
(4,637,586)
Interest received
12,713
739
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,135,204)
(4,636,847)
Financing activities
(Repayment)/proceeds of bank loans
(209,967)
(267,877)
Net cash used in financing activities
(209,967)
(267,877)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
319,667
(741,369)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
646,318
1,387,687
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
965,985
646,318
Relating to:
Cash at bank and in hand
3,794,924
3,288,102
Bank overdrafts included in creditors payable within one year
(2,828,939)
(2,641,784)
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 14 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information
Krohne Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 34-38 Rutherford Drive, Park Farm Industrial Estate, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, NN8 6AE.
1.1
Accounting convention
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.
1.2
Going concern
Atruet the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.
1.3
Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts invoiced for measurement and control instrumentation sold, net of discounts, value added tax and other sales related taxes.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
a.) the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods:
b.) the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
c.) the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
d.) it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and the costs incurred can be measured reliably.
e.) the costs incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
Revenue is therefore recognised when the customer accepts delivery of the product and the product is installed at each stage of completion.
1.4
Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:
Land and buildings freehold
2% - 6.66% on cost
Land and buildings leasehold
Over the period of the lease
Plant and machinery
10% to 15% on cost
Fixtures, fittings & equipment
15% - 33.3% on cost
The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 15 -
Assets in the course of construction are not depreciated until they are available for their intended use. At this point they are transferred to the appropriate fixed asset category and depreciation commences.
1.5
Impairment of fixed assets
At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
1.6
Stocks
Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.
Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.
Cost is calculated using the weighted average method.
At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.
1.7
Cash at bank and in hand
Cash at bank and in hand are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts.
1.8
Financial instruments
The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 16 -
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are measured at transaction price including transaction costs.
Other financial assets
Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.
Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including creditors and loans from fellow group companies are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Other financial liabilities
Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.
Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 17 -
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
1.9
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in profit or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.
1.10
Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
1.11
Employee benefits
The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.
Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.
1.12
Retirement benefits
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 18 -
1.13
Leases
Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leases asset are consumed.
1.14
Government grants
Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received.
Government grants relating to turnover are recognised as income over the periods when the related costs are incurred. Grants relating to an asset are recognised in income systematically over the asset's expected useful life. If part of such a grant is deferred it is recognised as deferred income rather than being deducted from the asset's carrying amount.
1.15
Foreign exchange
Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.
1.16
Expenditure on research and development is written off in the year in which it is incurred.
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
Critical judgements
The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements.
Assessing indicators of impairment
in assessing whether there have been any indicators of impairment of assets, the directors have considered both external and internal sources of information such as market conditions, counterparty credit ratings and experience of recoverability. There have been no material indicators of impairments identified during the current financial year other than in respect of bad and doubtful trade debtor balances recognised in the financial statements.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.
Recoverability of receivables
The company establishes a provision for receivables that are estimated not to be recoverable. When assessing recoverability the directors consider factors such as the ageing of the receivables, past experience of recoverability, and the credit profile of individual or groups of customers.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
(Continued)
- 19 -
Determining residual values and useful economic lives of tangible fixed assets (property, plant and equipment)
The company depreciates tangible assets over their estimated useful lives. The estimation of the useful lives of assets is based on historic performance as well as expectations about future use and therefore requires estimates and assumptions to be applied by management. The actual lives of these assets can vary depending on a variety of factors, including technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance programmes.
Judgement is applied by management when determining the residual values for tangible fixed assets. When determining the residual value management aim to assess the amount that the company would currently obtain for the disposal of the asset, if it were already of the condition expected at the end of its useful economic life. Where possible this is done with reference to external market prices.
Stock provision
The financial statements include provisions totalling £2,775,771 (2024: £2,566,371) relating to the stock. This is a provision calculated against specific items of stock depending on their age.The directors deem this provision appropriate to ensure that all stock is held as at the lower of cost and net realisable value and that slow moving stock is provided for.
Warranty provision
The company provides warranty services with the sales of their products. The directors provide for the estimated costs of providing the three year warranty within creditors. They manage the uncertainty around the size of the liability with annual reviews of the actual incurred costs of the policy. The directors feel that the estimation provided is prudent and reasonable. At the year end, this was £250,000 (2024: £250,000).
3
Turnover
The directors believe that an analysis of turnover would be prejudicial to the interests of the company and as such has not been disclosed.
4
Operating (loss)/profit
2025
2024
Operating (loss)/profit for the year is stated after charging/(crediting):
£
£
Exchange (gains)/losses
(405,363)
508,377
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets
931,053
1,209,965
Operating lease charges
185,205
119,443
5
Auditor's remuneration
2025
2024
Fees payable to the company's auditor and associates:
£
£
For audit services
Audit of the financial statements of the company
30,000
28,900
For other services
Audit-related assurance services
6,550
6,310
Taxation compliance services
10,395
9,995
All other non-audit services
2,500
2,500
19,445
18,805
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 20 -
6
Employees
The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:
2025
2024
Number
Number
Office and Management
63
65
Production
208
211
Total
271
276
Their aggregate remuneration comprised:
2025
2024
£
£
Wages and salaries
11,646,027
11,189,673
Social security costs
1,477,248
1,214,938
Pension costs
650,611
617,606
13,773,886
13,022,217
7
Directors' remuneration
2025
2024
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
481,484
511,485
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
90,974
85,605
572,458
597,090
The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 4 (2024 - 4).
Remuneration disclosed above include the following amounts paid to the highest paid director:
2025
2024
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
130,884
143,591
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
22,739
21,656
The directors are the only key management and therefore no additional disclosure is required.
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 21 -
8
Interest receivable and similar income
2025
2024
£
£
Interest income
Interest on bank deposits
12,713
739
2025
2024
Investment income includes the following:
£
£
Interest on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss
12,713
739
9
Interest payable and similar expenses
2025
2024
£
£
Interest on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Interest on bank overdrafts and loans
65,710
150,152
10
Taxation
2025
2024
£
£
Current tax
UK corporation tax on profits for the current period
(300,000)
(186,354)
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
(130,569)
14,138
Total current tax
(430,569)
(172,216)
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of timing differences
(264,041)
547,654
Total tax (credit)/charge
(694,610)
375,438
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
10
Taxation
(Continued)
- 22 -
The actual (credit)/charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected (credit)/charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:
2025
2024
£
£
(Loss)/profit before taxation
(1,566,207)
1,569,408
Expected tax (credit)/charge based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25.00% (2024: 25.00%)
(391,552)
392,352
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
10,173
38,468
Research and development tax credit
(225,000)
(210,000)
Under/(over) provided in prior years
(130,569)
14,138
Deferred tax adjustments in respect of prior years
(3,178)
85,323
Deferred tax
462,331
Fixed asset timing differences
45,516
(406,990)
Non trade loan relationships
(184)
Taxation (credit)/charge for the year
(694,610)
375,438
11
Tangible fixed assets
Land and buildings freehold
Land and buildings leasehold
Assets under construction
Plant and machinery
Fixtures, fittings & equipment
Total
£
£
£
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 January 2025
10,453,372
136,578
3,390,243
10,171,082
1,577,627
25,728,902
Additions
117,496
720,425
231,597
78,399
1,147,917
Transfers
(72,410)
51,806
20,604
At 31 December 2025
10,570,868
136,578
4,038,258
10,454,485
1,676,630
26,876,819
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2025
2,035,994
129,617
6,992,119
1,426,591
10,584,321
Depreciation charged in the year
179,651
2,413
659,401
89,588
931,053
At 31 December 2025
2,215,645
132,030
7,651,520
1,516,179
11,515,374
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2025
8,355,223
4,548
4,038,258
2,802,965
160,451
15,361,445
At 31 December 2024
8,417,378
6,961
3,390,243
3,178,963
151,036
15,144,581
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 23 -
12
Stocks
2025
2024
£
£
Raw materials and consumables
11,583,349
11,341,709
Work in progress
2,159,854
1,073,623
Finished goods and goods for resale
2,414,759
2,327,398
16,157,962
14,742,730
13
Debtors
2025
2024
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
Trade debtors
2,542,050
2,804,130
Corporation tax recoverable
300,000
436,248
Amounts owed by group undertakings
13,877,340
12,538,882
Other debtors
362,564
242,505
Prepayments and accrued income
933,548
787,925
18,015,502
16,809,690
14
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
Bank loans and overdrafts
15
2,828,939
2,851,751
Trade creditors
2,135,470
1,981,881
Amounts owed to group undertakings
13,735,790
9,121,888
Taxation and social security
365,206
328,150
Other creditors
119,272
140,868
Accruals and deferred income
1,043,791
1,323,562
20,228,468
15,748,100
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 24 -
15
Loans and overdrafts
2025
2024
£
£
Bank loans
209,967
Bank overdrafts
2,828,939
2,641,784
2,828,939
2,851,751
Payable within one year
2,828,939
2,851,751
The bank loan represents a hire purchase agreement for the brazing furnace asset.
Interest was charged at a rate of 2.34%.
16
Deferred taxation
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the company has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:
Liabilities
Liabilities
2025
2024
Balances:
£
£
Accelerated capital allowances
1,506,776
1,362,072
Losses and other deductions
(410,818)
-
General provision
(33,779)
(35,852)
1,062,179
1,326,220
The deferred tax liability set out above is expected to reverse and relates to accelerated capital allowances that are expected to mature within the same period.
17
Retirement benefit schemes
2025
2024
Defined contribution schemes
£
£
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
650,611
617,606
The company makes contributions into defined individual contribution pension schemes for all qualifying employees.
18
Share capital
2025
2024
£
£
Ordinary share capital
Issued and fully paid
1,000,000 Ordinary shares of £1 each
1,000,000
1,000,000
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 25 -
19
Financial commitments, guarantees and contingent liabilities
A fixed and floating charge is held over all property or undertaking of the company by Lloyds Bank Plc.
20
Operating lease commitments
As lessee
At the reporting end date the company had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:
2025
2024
£
£
Within 1 year
691,562
420,847
Years 2-5
1,253,453
909,021
After 5 years
65,183
20,650
2,010,198
1,350,518
21
Related party transactions
The Company is a wholly-owned member of Ludwig Krohne GmbH & Co. KG and as such has taken advantage of the exemption permitted by Section 33 Related Party Disclosures, not to provide disclosures of transactions entered into with other wholly-owned members of the Group.
22
Ultimate controlling party
The ultimate parent company is Ludwig Krohne GmbH & Co. KG, a company incorporated in Germany. There was no individual ultimate controlling party of Ludwig Krohne GmbH & Co. KG during the current and previous year.
The results of Krohne Limited are consolidated into the financial statements of Ludwig Krohne GmbH & Co. KG. The consolidated financial statements are available from their registered office at Ludwig-Krohne-Str. 5 47058, Duisburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany.
23
Cash generated from operations
2025
2024
£
£
(Loss)/profit for the year after tax
(871,597)
1,193,970
Adjustments for:
Taxation (credited)/charged
(694,610)
375,438
Finance costs
65,710
150,152
Investment income
(12,713)
(739)
Depreciation and impairment of tangible fixed assets
931,053
1,209,965
Movements in working capital:
(Increase) in stocks
(1,415,232)
(285,842)
(Increase) in debtors
(1,342,060)
(2,810,257)
Increase in creditors
4,503,180
4,738,820
Cash generated from operations
1,163,731
4,571,507
KROHNE LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
- 26 -
24
Analysis of changes in net funds
1 January 2025
Cash flows
31 December 2025
£
£
£
Cash at bank and in hand
3,288,102
506,822
3,794,924
Bank overdrafts
(2,641,784)
(187,155)
(2,828,939)
646,318
319,667
965,985
Borrowings excluding overdrafts
(209,967)
209,967
-
436,351
529,634
965,985
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