Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services.

Finance costs charged to the profit or loss include interest expense calculated using the effective interest method from FRS 102:11, finance charges on finance leases, and exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings where these are treated as an adjustment to interest costs.

Current tax is recognised in profit or loss, except for taxes related to revaluations of land and buildings which are recognised in other comprehensive income.

Current tax represents the amount of tax payable (receivable) in respect of taxable profit (loss) for the current, or past, reporting periods. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid (recovered) using the tax rates and laws which have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the balance sheet date. Where payments to HM Revenue and Customs exceed liabilities owed, an asset is recognised to the extent of the amount of tax recoverable.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. At each reporting date, inventories are assessed for impairment. If an item of inventory is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell, and the impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement. When inventories are sold, the carrying amount is recognised as an expense in the period in which the related revenue is recognised.