Financial instruments are classified and accounted for, according to the substance of the contractual arrangement, as
either financial assets, financial liabilities or equity instruments. An equity instrument is any contract that evidence a
residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial instruments
Trade and other debtors
Trade and other debtors are recognised initially at transaction price plus attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to
initial recognition they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment
losses. If the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, for example if payment is deferred beyond normal
business terms, then it is measured at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate for a similar
debt instrument.
Trade and other creditors
Trade and other creditors are recognised initially at transaction price less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to
initial recognition they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. If the arrangement
constitutes a financing transaction, for example if payment is deferred beyond normal business terms, then it is
measured at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate for a similar debt instrument.