The company has chosen to adopt Sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 in respect of financial instruments.
Financial assets
Basic financial assets, including trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially
recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the
transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of
interest.
Such assets are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
At the end of each reporting period financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for
objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is the difference between
the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the assets
original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was
recognised the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not
exceed what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been
recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial assets are derecognised when (a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset
expire or are settled, or (b) substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the asset are
transferred to another party or (c) control the asset has been transferred to another party who has the
practical ability to unilaterally sell the asset to an unrelated third party without imposing additional
restrictions.
Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables, bank loans and overdrafts and loans from
fellow group companies, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement
constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the
future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary
course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is
due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are
recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest method.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual
obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.