Recognition and Initial Measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Group's balance sheet when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs, except for those classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL), where transaction costs are expensed immediately.
Classification and Subsequent Measurement of Financial AssetsManagement determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition depending on the business model for managing the asset and its contractual cash flow characteristics:
Amortized Cost:
Assets held to collect contractual cash flows (where those flows represent solely payments of principal and interest) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Examples include trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents.
Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI):
Assets held to collect contractual cash flows and to sell the assets are measured at FVTOCI.
Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL):
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVTOCI (e.g., derivatives and equity investments held for trading) are measured at fair value, with all changes recognized in the income statement.
Impairment of Financial Assets
The company assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses (ECL) associated with its financial assets carried at amortized cost. For trade receivables, the company applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, measuring the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.4. Financial LiabilitiesFinancial liabilities are classified and measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. The company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans, and derivative financial instruments. They are derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, canceled, or expires.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the item being hedged.