Company No: 08193680 (England and Wales)

Contents

• Company Information
• Balance Sheet
• Notes to the Financial Statements

DIRECTOR

P Wassouf

REGISTERED OFFICE	43 Palace Mansions
	Earsby Street
	London
	W14 8QW
	United Kingdom

COMPANY NUMBER

08193680 (England and Wales)

ACCOUNTANT	Gravita Business Services II Limited
	Aldgate Tower
	2 Leman Street
	London
	E1 8FA
	United Kingdom

	Note	31.12.2025		31.12.2024
		£		£
Fixed assets
Intangible assets	3	2,478,884		1,849,042
Tangible assets	4	9,501		9,113
		2,488,385		1,858,155
Current assets
Debtors	5	715,224		560,810
Investments	6	272,376		252,245
Cash at bank and in hand		2,442,675		2,556,129
		3,430,275		3,369,184
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year	7	( 1,714,909)		( 1,176,499)
Net current assets		1,715,366		2,192,685
Total assets less current liabilities		4,203,751		4,050,840
Net assets		4,203,751		4,050,840
Capital and reserves
Called-up share capital		200		200
Profit and loss account		4,203,551		4,050,640
Total shareholders' funds		4,203,751		4,050,840

For the financial year ending 31 December 2025 the Company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

Director's responsibilities:

• The members have not required the Company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the financial year in accordance with section 476;
• The director acknowledges their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements; and
• These financial statements have been prepared and delivered in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime and a copy of the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings has not been delivered.

The financial statements of Dunefront Limited (registered number: 08193680) were approved and authorised for issue by the Director on 08 September 2026. They were signed on its behalf by:

P Wassouf Director

1. Accounting policies

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the financial year and to the preceding financial period, unless otherwise stated.

General information and basis of accounting

Dunefront Limited (the Company) is a private company, limited by shares, incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006 and is registered in England and Wales. The address of the Company's registered office is 43 Palace Mansions, Earsby Street, London, W14 8QW, United Kingdom.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include certain items at fair value, and in accordance with Section 1A of Financial Reporting Standard 102 (FRS 102) ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland’ issued by the Financial Reporting Council and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements are presented in pounds sterling which is the functional currency of the Company and rounded to the nearest £.

Reporting period length

These financial statements cover the period 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025, a period comprising of 365 days. The prior year financial statements (comparative year) cover the period 1 September 2023 to 31 December 2024, a period comprising of 488 days. Therefore the two periods are not entirely comparable.

Foreign currency

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the Balance Sheet date are reported at the rates of exchange prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings in the period in which they arise except for exchange differences arising on gains or losses on non-monetary items which are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Turnover

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT where applicable.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable

Employee benefits

Short term benefits
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Taxation

Current tax
Current tax is provided at amounts expected to be paid (or recoverable) using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or valuation, net of amortisation and any provision for impairment. Amortisation is provided on all intangible assets at rates to write off the cost or valuation of each asset over its expected useful life as follows:

Development costs	10 years straight line
Trademarks, patents and licences	10 years straight line

Research and development

Research expenditure is written off as incurred. Development expenditure is also written off, except where the director is satisfied as to the technical, commercial and financial viability of individual projects. In such cases, the identifiable expenditure is capitalised as an intangible asset and amortised over the period during which the Company is expected to benefit. This period is between three and five years. Provision is made for any impairment.

Other intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years.

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets, other than investment property and freehold land, at rates calculated to write off the cost or valuation, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a straight-line or reducing balance basis over its expected useful life, as follows:

Fixtures and fittings

4 years straight line

Residual value represents the estimated amount which would currently be obtained from disposal of an asset, after deducting estimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.

Impairment of assets

Assets, other than those measured at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each Balance Sheet date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings as described below.

Non-financial assets
At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.

If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in creditors: amounts falling due within one year.

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Financial assets and liabilities are only offset in the Balance Sheet when, and only when there exists a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the Company intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Financial assets are derecognised when and only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or are settled, or the Company transfers to another party substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, or the Company, despite having retained some, but not all, significant risks and rewards of ownership, has transferred control of the asset to another party.

Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Company's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the fair value of cash or other resources received or receivable, net of direct issue costs. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the Company.

2. Employees

	Year ended 31.12.2025		Period from 01.09.2023 to 31.12.2024
	Number		Number
Monthly average number of persons employed by the Company during the year, including the director	2		2

3. Intangible assets

	Development costs		Trademarks, patents and licences		Total
	£		£		£
Cost
At 01 January 2025	2,099,091		8,884		2,107,975
Additions	735,315		6,451		741,766
At 31 December 2025	2,834,406		15,335		2,849,741
Accumulated amortisation
At 01 January 2025	258,389		544		258,933
Charge for the financial year	110,750		1,174		111,924
At 31 December 2025	369,139		1,718		370,857
Net book value
At 31 December 2025	2,465,267		13,617		2,478,884
At 31 December 2024	1,840,702		8,340		1,849,042

The amortisation of the software development costs starts when the product developed is available for use or when it is in a condition necessary for it to be usable in the manner intended by management.

4. Tangible assets

	Fixtures and fittings		Total
	£		£
Cost
At 01 January 2025	25,015		25,015
Additions	5,393		5,393
Disposals	( 5,646)		( 5,646)
At 31 December 2025	24,762		24,762
Accumulated depreciation
At 01 January 2025	15,902		15,902
Charge for the financial year	5,005		5,005
Disposals	( 5,646)		( 5,646)
At 31 December 2025	15,261		15,261
Net book value
At 31 December 2025	9,501		9,501
At 31 December 2024	9,113		9,113

5. Debtors

	31.12.2025		31.12.2024
	£		£
Trade debtors	595,436		511,193
Prepayments	119,788		6,665
Corporation tax	0		42,952
	715,224		560,810

6. Current asset investments

	31.12.2025		31.12.2024
	£		£
Other investments	272,376		252,245

7. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

	31.12.2025		31.12.2024
	£		£
Trade creditors	240		0
Taxation and social security	379,365		62,743
Other creditors	1,335,304		1,113,756
	1,714,909		1,176,499