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Registered number: 02002865










EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED










ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
J A Hallett 
A Roberts 




Registered number
02002865



Registered office
Enterprise House
6/7 Bonville Road

Brislington

Bristol

BS4 5NZ




Independent auditor
MHA
Chartered Accounts & Statutory Auditor

Century House

1, The Lakes

Northampton

NN4 7HD




Bankers
HSBC Bank plc





 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Strategic Report
 
1 - 3
Directors' Report
 
4 - 5
Independent Auditor's Report
 
6 - 9
Statement of Income and Retained Earnings
 
10
Balance Sheet
 
11
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
12 - 27


 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

Introduction
 
The Directors are pleased to present the Strategic Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 October 2025.

Business review
 
The Directors and shareholder are satisfied with the performance during the year despite a decrease in turnover on the previous year.

We believe that the Company is in a strong position to recover growth in the near future despite global economic uncertainty/challenges and rising costs affecting employment, raw materials, overheads and energy costs and have therefore adjusted prices progressively and in moderation to reflect modern day costs.

The Company's main business is brakes under the EBC trademark for the automotive enthusiast market and the Motorcycle and Utility vehicle industry. The EBC mark itself remains a main driver of the business and is a much sought after agency with its world renowned high quality, range and huge consumer support.

The Company's main focus and target segments are high end, enthusiast and performance braking products, rather than low price service parts and the motorcycle market which also remains buoyant and unaffected by fuel changes.

In house manufacture accounts for over 80% of the products sold by the Company which has seen significant investments in research and machinery to support this.

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The Company remains mindful of continuing economic and geopolitical uncertainty and the potential impact of cost pressures and disruption to international markets and supply chains. However, its substantial in-house manufacturing capability, established brand, diversified international customer base and strong financial position provide considerable resilience.

The Company maintains substantial and carefully managed stockholdings across its worldwide operations, supported by an active stock obsolescence policy. The Company also benefits from a large and diversified customer base and continues to manage its operations without external borrowings.

The principal financial risks arising from the Company's activities include market, currency and credit risk. These risks are mitigated by the Company's geographical diversification, broad customer base and established financial controls. The Directors regularly reviews the policies and procedures used to manage these risks.

Market risk
The Company operates across both the motorcycle and high-end automotive sectors and sells its products into numerous geographical markets. This diversification reduces the Company's dependence on any single market, customer group or geographical territory.

Currency risk
The Company trades internationally and therefore has exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates. However, sales are broadly diversified across the Company's principal trading currencies, including US Dollars, Sterling and Euros, which provides a degree of natural mitigation against currency movements.

Currency exposures and exchange rate movements are monitored regularly by management.

Interest rate risk
The Company finances its operations principally through retained profits and working capital. As the Company does not rely on external borrowings, its direct exposure to changes in interest rates remains limited.
Page 1

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025


Price risk
The Company regularly reviews its pricing structures in response to changes in market conditions, manufacturing and employment costs, raw material prices, regulatory requirements and other external factors.

The Company seeks to maintain appropriate pricing while preserving the competitiveness and premium positioning of the EBC brand.

Credit risk
The Company manages credit risk through its established and diversified customer base, strong product offering and recognised brand. New customers are subject to appropriate creditworthiness checks and clear commercial and contractual arrangements are established.

Credit limits for new and existing customers are determined using a combination of payment history, trading experience and external credit information where appropriate. Credit limits, debt ageing and collection performance are reviewed regularly by the Credit Controller and Head of Finance.

The Company's broad customer base and established credit-control procedures help to limit its exposure to individual customer defaults.

Financial key performance indicators
 
        2025   2024   %
Turnover         £8,474,732  £9,924,191  14.6%
Gross Profit Margin       54.9%   61.5%   6.6%

Other key performance indicators
 
Average number of employees has decreased by 4.1% from 97 to 93.

Directors' statement of compliance with duty to promote the success of the Company
 
As required by Section 172 of the Companies Act, a Director of a Company must act in a way he considers, in good faith, would likely promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its Shareholder. All decisions are considered taking into account the impact of any decisions in the long term.

Employees
European Friction Industries Limited have always had regard for the interests of its employees and tries to engage the work force. The Company Director's and Senior Management team work hard to create a positive environment with opportunities for its employees to reach their potential. Many of our employees have worked for European Friction Industries Limited for many years and the Company recognises long serving employees. European Friction Industries Limited offers stable employment to its employees.

Customers and Suppliers
The Company has strong trademarks and operates in a market where reputation is key to the longevity of the business and future opportunities. We use suppliers locally where possible and ensure payment to terms in order to ensure continuing supplies and service of the best quality.

Community and Environment
European Friction Industries Limited supports its local community by sourcing its labour needs locally wherever possible.  It contributes to charities both locally and nationally. European Friction Industries Limited recognises its responsibility in reducing, where possible, its environmental impact, and communicating environmental awareness throughout the Company.



Page 2

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025


Environmental Commitment
The Company's aim is to reduce levels of waste from company processes and, where practical, re use or recycle waste materials. Where practical, materials which constitute a significant part of the Company's processes will be sourced from environmentally responsible suppliers. The Company will monitor energy use and use energy efficiently, including investigating energy efficient technologies. The Company also has solar panels in order to generate energy environmentally. The Company will monitor fuel use and promote fuel efficiency through technology, careful planning and careful driving. The Company will provide employees with environmental training, instruction and procedures relevant to their tasks and responsibilities. The Company will ensure our activities do not create a nuisance to our neighbours by continuing to work sociably acceptable hours and regularly monitoring noise levels. Continual improvement and the setting of objectives and targets which are reviewed annually working to achieve a zero to landfill status.


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



................................................
J A Hallett
Director

Date: 14 September 2026

Page 3

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

The Directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 October 2025.

Results and dividends

The loss for the year, after taxation, amounted to £786,607 (2024 - profit £573,448).

The dividends paid during the year amounted to £530,212 (2024: £1,379,986).

Directors

The Directors who served during the year were:

J A Hallett 
A Roberts 

Directors' responsibilities statement

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:


∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

∙make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Future developments

The Company continues to prosper with its multi-segment brake market approach embracing new industries such as electric vehicles and public transport braking systems to underpin its future whilst continuing to actively support its global existing customer base.

Qualifying third-party indemnity provisions

During the period end and up to the date of this report, the Company maintained liability insurance and third party indemnification provisions for its Director, under which the Company has agreed to indemnify the Director to the extent permitted by law in respect of all liabilities to third parties arising out of, or in connection with, the execution of their powers, duties and responsibilities as Director.

Page 4

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

Disclosure of information to auditor

Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
∙so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware, and

∙the Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information.

Post balance sheet events

There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the year end.

Auditor

The auditor, MHA, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





................................................
J A Hallett
Director

Date: 14 September 2026

Page 5

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of European Friction Industries Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 October 2025, which comprise the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings, the Balance Sheet and notes to the financial statements, including material accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 October 2025 and of its loss for the year then ended;
∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 6

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor's Report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


∙the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Director's Report.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent Company, or returns adequate for our             audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or;
• the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
• certain disclosures of Director's remuneration specified by law are not made; or
• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Page 7

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 4, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The specific procedures for this engagement and the extent to which these are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:  

• enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual, potential or suspected
 litigation, claims, non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations and fraud;
• enquiry of entity staff in tax and compliance functions to identify any instances of non-compliance with          laws and regulations;
• performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal               entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant                transactions outside  the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias;
• reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance            with applicable laws and regulations;
• performing audit work over the recognition of revenue occurring at the year end to provide assurance over         cut off.


Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditor's Report.


Page 8

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Richard Powell BA FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of
MHA
Chartered Accounts
Statutory Auditor
Northampton, United Kingdom

Date: 
 
MHA is the trading name of MHA Audit Services LLP, a limited liability partnership in England and Wales (registered number OC455542).
14 September 2026
Page 9

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
8,474,732
9,924,191

Cost of sales
  
(3,824,632)
(3,820,704)

Gross profit
  
4,650,100
6,103,487

Administrative expenses
  
(5,467,766)
(5,334,724)

Operating (loss)/profit
 5 
(817,666)
768,763

Interest receivable and similar income
 9 
-
529

Interest payable and similar expenses
 10 
-
(248)

(Loss)/profit before tax
  
(817,666)
769,044

Tax on (loss)/profit
 11 
31,059
(195,596)

(Loss)/profit after tax
  
(786,607)
573,448

  

  

Retained earnings at the beginning of the year
  
5,302,139
6,108,677

(Loss)/profit for the year
  
(786,607)
573,448

Dividends declared and paid
 12 
(530,212)
(1,379,986)

Retained earnings at the end of the year
  
3,985,320
5,302,139

There were no recognised gains and losses for 2025 or 2024 other than those included in the statement of income and retained earnings.

The notes on pages 12 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 02002865

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 OCTOBER 2025

2025
2025
2024
2024
Note
£
£
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Tangible assets
 13 
598,972
757,740

  
598,972
757,740

Current assets
  

Stocks
 14 
2,871,510
2,920,113

Debtors
 15 
1,946,867
2,721,198

Cash at bank and in hand
 16 
156,882
507,998

  
4,975,259
6,149,309

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 17 
(1,478,428)
(1,463,368)

Net current assets
  
 
 
3,496,831
 
 
4,685,941

Total assets less current liabilities
  
4,095,803
5,443,681

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 18 
(109,483)
(140,542)

Net assets
  
3,986,320
5,303,139


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 19 
1,000
1,000

Profit and loss account
 20 
3,985,320
5,302,139

  
3,986,320
5,303,139


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




................................................
J A Hallett
Director

Date: 14 September 2026

The notes on pages 12 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

1.


General information

European Friction Industries Limited is a private company limited by shares and incorporated in England and Wales.

The registered office and principal place of business is Enterprise House, 6/7 Bonville Road, Brislington, Bristol, BS4 5NZ.

The principal activity of the Company is the manufacture of brake components and systems for the Automotive, Motorcycle, Bus, Mountain Bike and Railway Industries.

The Company's financial statements have been rounded to the nearest £1 GBP.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The Company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by the FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland":
∙the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows;
∙the requirements of Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation paragraph 3.17(d);
∙the requirements of Section 33 Related Party Disclosures paragraph 33.7.

This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of EBC Holdings Limited as at 31 October 2025 and these financial statements may be obtained from Companies House, Crown Way, Cardiff, CF14 3UZ.

Page 12

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.3

Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Director has considered relevant information, including the annual budget, and the impact of subsequent events in making their assessment. This analysis also considers the effectiveness of available measures to assist in mitigating the impact. 

The Company shows a net current assets position of £3,496,831 (2024: £4,685,941), and a net assets position of £3,986,320 (2024: £5,303,139). The Company was loss making in 2025 and reported a loss before tax of £817,666 (2024: £769,044 profit before tax). The Company has amounts owed to group undertakings of £321,389 (2024: £257,172) and amounts owed from group undertakings of £1,341,037 (2024: £2,390,771). 

As a result of changes to intercompany trading arrangements during the year, continuing post year end, the Company is loss making and is currently reliant on the financial support of the Group. The Company has received confirmation of this financial support from EBC Holdings Limited, the Company's immediate controlling party, which will be provided for at least 12 months from the date that the Company's financial statements are approved. The letter of support received is not considered to be legally binding. 

Based on these assessments and having regard to the resources available to the entity, the Director has concluded that there is no material uncertainty and that they can continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

 
2.4

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.

Page 13

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.5

Revenue

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
∙the Company has transferred the significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer;
∙the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
∙the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
∙it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the transaction; and
∙the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

 
2.6

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.7

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.8

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.9

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Balance Sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

Page 14

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.10

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.


 
2.11

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

At each reporting date the Company assesses whether there is any indication of impairment. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is determined which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognised where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.

Page 15

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.11
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives. 

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Plant and machinery
-
25% reducing balance per annum.
Motor vehicles
-
25% reducing balance per annum.
Fixtures and fittings
-
25% reducing balance or 20% straight line per annum.

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.12

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each balance sheet date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.13

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Deferred tax liabilities are also presented within provisions but are measured in accordance with the accounting policy on taxation.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

Page 16

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.14

Financial instruments

The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Company's Balance Sheet when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusted for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial assets that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss) and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other debtors due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

Impairment of financial assets

At the end of each reporting period financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Basic financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.




 

Page 17

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.14
Financial instruments (continued)

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other creditors, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusting for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss). When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest, discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade creditors are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the Company transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the Company will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Company's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

 
2.15

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.

Page 18

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

3.


Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make significant judgements and estimates. The items in the financial statements where these judgements and estimates have been made include:

Deferred Tax
The Company is subject to UK corporation tax and judgement is required in determining the provision for income and deferred taxation. The Company recognises taxation assets and liabilities based upon estimates and assessments of many factors including judgements about the outcome of future events. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. At 31 October 2025, the Company recognised a deferred tax liability consisting of the tax effect of timing differences in respect of the excess of taxation allowances over depreciation upon fixed assets, and short-term timing differences, totalling £109,483 (2024: £140,542).

Useful economic lives of tangible fixed assets
The Company holds tangible fixed assets. Management judgement is required in setting the useful economic lives for each class of tangible asset. Management judgement is also required for estimating any net realisable values to be incorporated into depreciation methods.The net book value of tangible fixed assets as at 31 October 2025 was £598,972 (2024: £757,740) after a depreciation charge of £198,244 (2024: £246,105). 

Stock provision
The Company creates a stock provision for inventory that they deem as obsolete. The provision is based on management judgement of future sales for the following two to five years, depending on product class, and whether the stock will be deemed to obsolete at this point. At 31 October 2025, the Company recognised a stock provision of £392,817 (2024: £375,616).


4.


Turnover

The whole of the turnover is attributable to the principal activity of the Company.

The analysis of turnover, profit before tax and net assets by geographical markets have not been disclosed as in the opinion of the Director, this could be harmful to the Company's interest.


5.


Operating (loss)/profit

The operating (loss)/profit is stated after charging:

2025
2024
£
£

Land and building operating lease rentals
369,987
300,554

Exchange differences
29,468
78,813

Depreciation of owned fixed assets
198,245
246,105

Page 19

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

6.


Auditor's remuneration

2025
2024
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's financial statements
14,250
13,350

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption not to disclose amounts paid for non-audit services as these are disclosed in the consolidated accounts of the parent Company.


7.


Employees

Staff costs, including Directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2025
2024
£
£

Wages and salaries
3,109,420
3,063,582

Social security costs
344,857
283,988

Cost of defined contribution scheme
66,094
64,081

3,520,371
3,411,651


The average monthly number of employees, including the Directors, during the year was as follows:


        2025
        2024
            No.
            No.







Production
66
71



Administration
16
15



Warehouse
11
11

93
97

Page 20

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

8.


Directors' remuneration

2025
2024
£
£

Directors' emoluments
93,592
86,109

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
1,321
1,321

94,913
87,430


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 1 Director (2024 - 1) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.

One of the Directors is fully remunerated through a fellow subsidiary company, Freeman Automotive (UK) Limited.

The Company believe that the only key management personnel are the Directors.


9.


Interest receivable and similar income

2025
2024
£
£


Other interest receivable
-
529


10.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2025
2024
£
£


Bank interest payable
-
248

Page 21

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

11.


Taxation


2025
2024
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
-
236,901


Total current tax
-
236,901

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(31,059)
(41,305)

Total deferred tax
(31,059)
(41,305)


Tax on (loss)/profit
(31,059)
195,596

Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2024 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024 - 25%). The differences are explained below:

2025
2024
£
£


(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities before tax
(817,666)
769,044


(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024 - 25%)
(204,417)
192,261

Effects of:


Fixed asset timing differences
2,215
2,875

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
326
460

Group relief
170,817
-

Total tax charge for the year
(31,059)
195,596


Factors that may affect future tax charges

There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.

Page 22

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

12.


Dividends

2025
2024
£
£


Paid during the year
530,212
1,379,986


13.


Tangible fixed assets


Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Total

£
£
£
£



Cost


At 1 November 2024
3,879,586
22,989
2,809,511
6,712,086


Additions
39,476
-
-
39,476



At 31 October 2025

3,919,062
22,989
2,809,511
6,751,562



Depreciation


At 1 November 2024
3,289,648
10,973
2,653,725
5,954,346


Charge for the year
154,122
3,001
41,121
198,244



At 31 October 2025

3,443,770
13,974
2,694,846
6,152,590



Net book value



At 31 October 2025
475,292
9,015
114,665
598,972



At 31 October 2024
589,938
12,016
155,786
757,740

Page 23

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

14.


Stocks

2025
2024
£
£

Raw materials and consumables
2,784,223
2,632,239

Work in progress (goods to be sold)
24,244
259,892

Finished goods and goods for resale
63,043
27,982

2,871,510
2,920,113


Stock recognised in cost of sales during the year as an expense was £3,363,246 (2024: £3,268,394).

Included in the figures above, the Company has recognised a stock provision of £392,817 (2024: £375,616).


15.


Debtors

2025
2024
£
£


Trade debtors
2,222
23,967

Amounts owed by group undertakings
1,341,037
2,390,771

Other debtors
505,904
207,944

Prepayments and accrued income
97,704
98,516

1,946,867
2,721,198



16.


Cash and cash equivalents

2025
2024
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
156,882
507,998


Page 24

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

17.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2025
2024
£
£

Trade creditors
563,263
669,426

Amounts owed to group undertakings
321,389
257,172

Other taxation and social security
125,418
170,105

Other creditors
65,760
56,273

Accruals and deferred income
402,598
310,392

1,478,428
1,463,368



18.


Deferred taxation




2025
2024


£

£






At beginning of year
140,542
181,847


Charged to profit or loss
(31,059)
(41,305)



At end of year
109,483
140,542

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2025
2024
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
113,506
144,544

Short term timing differences
(4,023)
(4,002)

109,483
140,542


19.


Share capital

2025
2024
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



1,000 (2024 - 1,000) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
1,000
1,000


Page 25

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

20.


Reserves

Profit and loss account

Includes all current and prior periods retained profits and losses.


21.


Capital commitments


At 31 October 2025 the Company had capital commitments as follows:

2025
2024
£
£


Contracted for but not provided in these financial statements
135,519
18,965


22.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The asset of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £66,094 (2024: £64,081) At the year end, there were balances outstanding of £16,092 (2024: £16,008).


23.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 October 2025 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2025
2024
£
£


Not later than 1 year
7,380
7,380

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
15,555
22,935

22,935
30,315


24.


Related party transactions

As a wholly owned subsidiary of EBC Holdings Limited, the Company is exempt from the requirements of FRS 102 Section 33.7 to disclose transactions with other members of the group headed by EBC Holdings Limited. The consolidated financial statements for this company may be obtained from Companies House.

Page 26

 
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2025

25.


Controlling party

The immediate and ultimate parent company is EBC Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales, who's registered office is located at EBC Brakes World Headquarters, Upton Valley Way East, Pineham, Northampton, NN4 9EF.

The financial statements of European Friction Industries Limited are included in the group financial statements of EBC Holdings Limited which are available from Companies House.

Mr A C Freeman is the Company's controlling and ultimate controlling related party by virtue of his shareholding in EBC Holdings Limited. 

 
Page 27