Basis of preparing the financial statements These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" including the provisions of Section IA "Small Entities" and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. Preparation of consolidated financial statements The financial statements contain information about P.J. Steel Construction Limited as an individual company and do not contain consolidated financial information as the parent of a group. The company is exempt under Section 399(2A) of the Companies Act 2006 from the requirements to prepare consolidated financial statements. Investments in subsidiaries Investments in subsidiary undertakings are recognised at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Financial instruments A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. Taxation Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted. Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences at the reporting date. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.