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Registered number: 10002698









Glass Futures Ltd
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)









Annual Report and Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
Company Information


Directors
A T Curry 
D A Dalton 
A P Hollander 
M A Houghton 
R A Katz 
J Kelly (appointed 10 July 2025)
S M Murphy 




Registered number
10002698



Registered office
James Roby Way
St. Helens

Merseyside

WA9 5DT




Independent auditors
Hurst Accountants Limited
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors

3 Stockport Exchange

Stockport

SK1 3GG





 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Contents



Page
Chair & CEO Statement
 
1
Strategic Report
 
2 - 5
Directors' Report
 
6 - 8
Independent Auditors' Report
 
9 - 12
Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
13
Statement of Financial Position
 
14
Statement of Changes in Equity
 
15
Statement of Cash Flows
 
16
Analysis of Net Debt
 
17
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
18 - 34


 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Chair & CEO Statement
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

The Chief Executive Officer presents his statement for the year.

2025–26 has been a landmark year for Glass Futures. We successfully transitioned from the construction phase to full operational delivery, with the St Helens pilot plant now fully technically operational and running experimental projects. While commissioning of the furnace experienced significant delays and additional costs of £2.4 million, overcoming these challenges represents a major achievement and demonstrates our capability to deliver complex, industrial-scale innovation.
Our collaborative model continues to be central to our success. By working closely with industry partners, universities, and Government bodies, we are developing and testing new low-carbon technologies, supporting the UK’s net zero ambitions, and creating a platform for industrial innovation that benefits both current and future generations.
Looking ahead, we remain focused on expanding our research capabilities, delivering impactful projects, and strengthening our partnerships. With the continued support of our members and stakeholders, Glass Futures is well positioned to lead the glass industry into a sustainable, low-carbon future.


NameJ Kelly
CEO

Date18 September 2026

Page 1

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
Strategic Report
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

Introduction
 
The principal activity of the Company is that of a not-for-profit research and development, and consultancy organisation.
Glass Futures was established in collaboration with leading global glass manufacturers, their supply chains, and major UK universities. Based in St Helens, Merseyside, the Company operates as a Global Centre of Excellence accelerating innovation across the glass and foundation industries. Glass Futures unite industry, academia, and government to turn bold ideas into scalable, sustainable solutions, driving decarbonisation, circularity, and digital transformation.
Glass Futures operates as a membership organisation, offering a unique platform for collaborative innovation. Our members span the entire glass ecosystem, from global manufacturers and recyclers to technology providers, universities, and government bodies.

Business review
 
During the year, the Company made significant progress in transitioning from the construction and development phase of its facilities into operational delivery.
The St Helens pilot plant was successfully commissioned, including the first firing of the furnace. There were significant delays in commissioning, from initial switch-on to becoming fully technically operational and able to run experimental projects, at a cost of £2.4 million. Despite these delays, the facility now supports industrial-scale campaigns, including trials involving low-carbon and alternative fuels, representing a major milestone in the Company’s development.
The Company continued to secure and deliver major collaborative projects supported by UK Government funding, including programmes delivered in partnership with Innovate UK and the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. These projects remain central to advancing the Company’s mission to accelerate industrial decarbonisation.
Key developments during the year included:
 
∙Commissioning and operationalisation of the pilot plant 
∙Delivery of initial experimental trials and research campaigns 
∙Expansion of industrial collaborations and membership base 
∙Continued development of a pipeline of funded research programmes

The Directors consider the Company’s performance during the year to be in line with expectations given its stage of development.

Page 2

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Strategic Report (continued)
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The Directors have considered the principal risks and uncertainties that could impact the Company’s ability to achieve its objectives and continue as a going concern.
Funding and Financial Sustainability
The Company relies on a combination of Government grants, project funding, and membership contributions. There is a risk that future funding may be reduced or delayed. The Company mitigates this risk through a diversified funding base, active stakeholder engagement, and maintaining a pipeline of funded research programmes.
Transition to Operational Delivery
As the Company has recently moved from construction to operational delivery, there is a risk that the pilot plant and associated research facilities may not achieve anticipated operational efficiencies or output. Mitigation includes structured operational procedures, monitoring of performance against project milestones, and the retention of experienced technical and management staff.
Technology and Research Uncertainty
The Company’s activities involve experimental technologies and processes, including low-carbon and alternative fuels. Results may differ from expectations, or commercial implementation may be delayed. Risks are managed through collaborative projects, diversified research programmes, and ongoing review of progress and outcomes.
Health, Safety, and Environmental Risks
The operation of a hot-glass pilot plant involves inherent health, safety, and environmental risks. Robust policies, compliance with statutory requirements, and a strong safety culture mitigate these risks.
Stakeholder Engagement
The Company’s success depends on collaboration with industry partners, academic institutions, and Government bodies. Mitigation includes regular engagement, clear communication of objectives, and alignment of projects with stakeholder priorities.
External Environment
Economic, regulatory, and energy cost changes may impact the Company’s operations or project delivery. The Directors monitor developments to adapt strategy and maintain alignment with national decarbonisation priorities.
The Directors believe that, with these mitigations, the Company is well placed to manage its principal risks and uncertainties while continuing in operational existence for the foreseeable future.

Page 3

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Strategic Report (continued)
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

Financial key performance indicators
 
2025/26 At a Glance
Delivering the Future of Sustainable Glass Manufacturing
2025/26 marked a transformational year for Glass Futures as we successfully transitioned from construction and commissioning to operational delivery. During the year we commissioned our world-leading pilot facility, delivered our first industrial research campaigns and continued to strengthen collaboration across industry, academia and Government.
The company's key financial performance indicators during the year were as follows:
Key Financial Highlights
      2026  2025
Total income  (excl. RDEC)  £9.0m             £11.9m
Publicly funded research programmes £5.9m  £8.5m
Commercial income    £3.1m  £3.4m
Commercial income (% of total income) 34.3%  28.2%
Research infrastructure assets  £36.4m £31.6m
Average employees    66  54
Income Profile
Funding Source    Share of Total Income
Publicly funded research programmes 65.7%
Commercial income    34.3%
A more diversified income profile reflects the Company's transition from construction and commissioning activities towards a sustainable operational model.
Strategic Achievements
Operational Excellence
∙Successfully commissioned the world's most advanced open-access glass pilot plant. 
∙Completed the transition from construction to operational delivery. 
∙Delivered the first industrial-scale experimental research campaigns. 

Innovation & Collaboration
∙Continued to expand collaboration with industry, academia and Government. 
∙Developed innovative projects supporting the decarbonisation of the glass industry. 
∙Increased commercial activity, with commercial income representing 34.3% of total income. 

Strategic Priorities for 2026/27
∙Increase utilisation of the pilot plant
∙Grow commercial research activity
∙Expand industry membership
∙Deliver further industrial research campaigns
∙Support industrial decarbonisation
∙Grow specialist glass and engineering consultancy services

Page 4

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Strategic Report (continued)
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



J Kelly
Director
Date: 18 September 2026

Page 5

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Directors' Report
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 28 February 2026.

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

A T Curry - Independent, UK 
D A Dalton - British Glass, UK 
A P Hollander - University of Liverpool, UK 
M A Houghton - Siemens, UK 
R A Katz - Glass Futures, UK 
J Kelly - Glass Futures, UK (appointed 10 July 2025)
S M Murphy - Encirc, UK 
J M Ivorra - Guardian Glass, USA (resigned 13 January 2026)
L Valette - O-I, USA (resigned 9 July 2025)

During the year, J Ivorra and L Valette stepped down from their roles as directors. The Company extends its sincere thanks to them for their valuable guidance and support over the years.
 
The Board was pleased to welcome J Kelly to the Board; Justin has served as Chief Executive Officer since November 2024. During the year, A Curry was elected Chair, and the Company thanks M Houghton for his leadership during his term as Chair.
 
Following the year end, B McMillan retired as a person with significant control. The Company is grateful for his contributions and advice. J Kelly and A Curry were appointed persons with significant control, each holding 33.3% of the voting rights. R A Katz remains a person of significant control.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Page 6

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Directors' Report (continued)
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

Results

The deficit for the year, after taxation and minority interests, amounted to £70,482,370 (2025 - surplus £54,861,175).

Post balance sheet events

Subsequent to the year end, the company secured a £4m loan facility from Innovate UK, drawable over a two-year period, to support the transition of the company from a Research and Technology Organisation model to a more commercially viable operating structure.
Following the successful completion of the first operational campaign after the reporting date, the company’s experimental furnace was drained to allow for modifications and preparatory works ahead of the second campaign planned for later in the year to February 2027.

Future developments

The Company’s focus for the coming year will be on expanding operational delivery and increasing the utilisation of the St Helens pilot plant and associated research facilities. Building on the successful commissioning of the furnace and completion of initial experimental campaigns, the Company intends to further develop its position as a leading centre for industrial decarbonisation research and innovation.
Key priorities for the forthcoming year include:
 
∙Expansion of collaborative research programmes with industry, academic, and Government partners
∙Increased delivery of experimental trials involving low-carbon fuels, electrification, carbon reduction technologies, and alternative raw materials
∙Growth in membership and strategic partnerships across the glass sector and wider foundation industries
∙Development of additional commercial and funded research opportunities to support long-term financial sustainability
∙Continued investment in operational capability, workforce development, and research expertise
∙Strengthening of the Company’s role in supporting the UK’s industrial decarbonisation and net zero objective
∙Growth of specialist glass and engineering consultancy services provided to UK and international markets.  

The Directors believe that the Company is well positioned to build on the significant progress made during the year and to further establish Glass Futures as a globally recognised centre of excellence for sustainable manufacturing innovation.

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and

∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.

Auditors

The auditors, Hurst Accountants Limited, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

Page 7

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Directors' Report (continued)
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 



J Kelly
Director

Date: 18 September 2026

Page 8

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of Glass Futures Ltd
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of Glass Futures Ltd (the 'Company') for the year ended 28 February 2026, which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Financial Position, the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 28 February 2026 and of its deficit for the year then ended;
∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 9

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of Glass Futures Ltd (continued)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


∙the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 6, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 10

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of Glass Futures Ltd (continued)


Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below:

We identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and then design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, including obtaining audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Identifying and assessing potential risks related to irregularities
In identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non compliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following:
 
∙The nature of the industry and sector in which the company operates; the control environment and business performance including key drivers for directors' remuneration, bonus levels and performance targets.
∙The outcome of enquiries of local management, including whether management was aware of any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations, and whether management had knowledge of any actual, suspected, or alleged fraud.
∙Supporting documentation relating to the Company's policies and procedures for:
°Identifying, evaluating, and complying with laws and regulations
°Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud
∙The internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations.
∙The outcome of discussions amongst the engagement team regarding how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements and any potential indicators of fraud.
∙The legal and regulatory framework in which the Company operates, particularly those laws and regulations which have a direct effect on the financial statements, such as the Companies Act 2006, pensions and tax legislation, or which had a fundamental effect on the operations of the Company, including data protection, anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation.
 
Audit response to risks identified

Our procedures to respond to the risks identified included the following:

∙Reviewing the financial statements disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with the provisions of those relevant laws and regulations which have a direct effect on the financial statements.
∙Discussions with management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud. 
∙Evaluation of the operating effectiveness of management’s controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities.
∙Enquiring of management about any actual and potential litigation and claims.
∙Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships which may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud.
Page 11

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of Glass Futures Ltd (continued)


We have also considered the risk of fraud through management override of controls by:

∙Testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments. We have used data analytics software to identify accounting transactions which may pose a heightened risk of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 
∙Challenging assumptions made by management in their significant accounting estimates, and assessing whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and
∙Evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.

We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above, and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations are from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of them. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.



Helen Besant-Roberts (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of
Hurst Accountants Limited
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
3 Stockport Exchange
Stockport
SK1 3GG

20 September 2026
Page 12

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

As restated
2026
2025
Note
£
£

  

Income
 4 
8,967,830
11,876,409

Cost of sales
  
(7,168,701)
(5,898,532)

Gross surplus
  
1,799,129
5,977,877

Administrative expenses
  
(2,349,076)
(5,905,848)

Exceptional administrative expenses
 13 
(2,407,540)
-

Other operating income
 5 
1,226,161
505,634

Operating surplus / (deficit)
 6 
(1,731,326)
577,663

Interest receivable and similar income
 10 
11,213
17,966

Interest payable and similar expenses
 11 
(113,668)
(24,422)

Surplus / (deficit) before tax
  
(1,833,781)
571,207

Tax on surplus/ (deficit)
 12 
12,929
(83,210)

Surplus / (deficit) for the financial year
  
(1,820,852)
487,997

  

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 13

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
Registered number: 10002698

Statement of Financial Position
As at 28 February 2026

2026
2025
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Tangible assets
 14 
36,355,064
31,648,843

Current assets
  

Stocks
 15 
154,684
78,168

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
5,200,752
8,419,455

Cash at bank and in hand
 17 
452,687
1,312,263

  
5,808,123
9,809,886

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 18 
(13,016,931)
(13,192,809)

Net current liabilities
  
 
 
(7,208,808)
 
 
(3,382,923)

Total assets less current liabilities
  
29,146,256
28,265,920

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 19 
(28,186,356)
(25,277,668)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 21 
-
(207,500)

Net assets
  
959,900
2,780,752


Reserves
  

Income and expenditure account
 23 
959,900
2,780,752

Total members' funds
  
959,900
2,780,752


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




J Kelly
Director

Date: 18 September 2026

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026


Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£


At 1 March 2024
2,292,755
2,292,755



Profit for the year
487,997
487,997
Total comprehensive income for the year
487,997
487,997



At 1 March 2025
2,780,752
2,780,752



Loss for the year
(1,820,852)
(1,820,852)
Total comprehensive income for the year
(1,820,852)
(1,820,852)


At 28 February 2026
959,900
959,900


The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 15

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2026
2025
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

(Loss)/profit for the financial year
(1,820,852)
487,997

Adjustments for:

Depreciation of tangible assets
1,176,208
1,572

Interest paid
113,668
24,422

Interest received
(11,213)
(17,966)

Taxation charge/(credit)
(12,929)
83,210

(Increase) in stocks
(76,516)
(78,168)

Decrease/(increase) in debtors
3,871,067
(3,516,031)

Gross RDEC
(1,226,161)
(505,634)

Increase in creditors
3,326,617
12,644,137

Corporation tax received
379,226
338,176

Net cash generated from operating activities

5,719,115
9,461,715


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(5,882,429)
(11,913,015)

Interest received
11,213
17,966

Net cash from investing activities

(5,871,216)
(11,895,049)

Cash flows from financing activities

(Repayment of)/new finance leases
(593,807)
1,912,183

HP interest paid
(113,668)
(24,422)

Net cash generated from / (used in) financing activities
(707,475)
1,887,761

Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(859,576)
(545,573)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
1,312,263
1,857,836

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
452,687
1,312,263


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
452,687
1,312,263

452,687
1,312,263


The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 16

 
Glass Futures Ltd
 
(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 

Analysis of Net Debt
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026




At 1 March 2025
Cash flows
At 28 February 2026
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

1,312,263

(859,576)

452,687

Finance leases

(1,912,183)

593,807

(1,318,376)


(599,920)
(265,769)
(865,689)

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 17

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

1.


General information

Glass Futures is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Glass Futures Ltd, James Roby Way, St Helens, Merseyside, England, WA9 5DT.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

In the current period, the entity has included all project costs within cost of sales to better reflect the direct costs associated with these jobs. In the prior year, such costs were included within administrative expenses. The comparative figures have not been restated, as the impact on the prior period classification is not considered material to the understanding of the financial statements.

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Going concern

The Company has net current liabilities of £7.209m and net assets of £960k at the year end. Of the current liabilities, £6.8m relates to deferred grant income and therefore does not represent an immediate cash payment obligation.
Subsequent to the year end, the Company secured a £4m loan facility from Innovate UK, drawable over a two-year period, to support the transition of the Company from a Research and Technology Organisation model to a more commercially viable operating structure. Drawdown of this facility commenced in April 2026.
In assessing the appropriateness of the going concern basis, the Directors have considered the Company's financial position, available funding facilities and forecast cash flows. Management has prepared forecasts which take into account anticipated project and grant income, commercial activity, operating expenditure and the availability of the Innovate UK loan facility.
Based on these forecasts, the Directors are satisfied that the Company has sufficient resources to meet its liabilities as they fall due and to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.

Page 18

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.3

Income

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.
Project income is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the project activity at the reporting end date.
Any surplus made by the company is held for re-investment into further research, subject to the legal requirements around administration.

 
2.4

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.5

Leased assets: the Company as lessee

Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts and finance leases are capitalised as tangible fixed assets. Assets acquired by finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. Assets acquired by hire purchase are depreciated over their useful lives. Finance leases are those where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership are assumed by the company. Obligations under such agreements are included in creditors net of the finance charge allocated to future periods. The finance element of the rental payment is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge on the net obligation outstanding in each period.

 
2.6

Government grants

Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received.
A grant that specifies performance conditions is recognised in income when the performance conditions are met. Where a grant does not specify performance conditions, it is recognised in income when the proceeds are received or receivable. A grant received before the recognition criteria are satisfied is recognised as a liability.

Grants relating to the acquisition or construction of tangible fixed assets are recognised as deferred income and released to income over the expected useful lives of the assets. 
Amounts received in advance of the relevant recognition criteria being satisfied are recognised  within creditors as deferred income. 
Government grants are presented within income in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

Page 19

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

  
2.7

Research and development expenditure and R&D expenditure credits

Research expenditure is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.
Development expenditure is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred unless it meets the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset under FRS 102. Where those criteria are met, development expenditure is capitalised and subsequently amortised over its estimated useful economic life.
Research and Development Expenditure Credits ("RDEC") are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company has complied with the relevant conditions and that the credit will be received.
RDEC is recognised on a gross basis within operating income in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period to which the qualifying research and development expenditure relates. Any corporation tax arising in respect of the RDEC is recognised within the taxation charge.
Amounts receivable in respect of RDEC at the reporting date are recognised within debtors.

 
2.8

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.9

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.10

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of Financial Position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

Page 20

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.11

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that:
∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.


The company has both a mutual and non-mutual trading status for the purposes of corporation tax. The mutual trade is exempt from corporation tax because of the principle of mutuality. The non-mutual trading is subject to corporation tax and qualified for relevant R&D tax credits.

 
2.12

Exceptional items

Exceptional items are transactions that fall within the ordinary activities of the Company but are presented separately due to their size or incidence.

 
2.13

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Page 21

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.13
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Plant and machinery
-
10-20%

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
Assets under construction are stated at cost and are not depreciated until they are available for use and brought into operation. Depreciation commences when the asset is commissioned and capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

 
2.14

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a weighted average basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.15

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.16

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

In the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company's cash management.

Page 22

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.17

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
A liability is recognised to the extent of any unused holiday pay entitlement which is accrued at the reporting
date and carried forward to future periods. This is measured at the undiscounted salary cost of the future
holiday entitlement so accrued at the reporting date.

 
2.18

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.19

Financial instruments

The company only enters into basic financial instrument transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other accounts receivable.
Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade debtors and creditors, are measured, initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received.
Financial assets that are measured at cost and amortised cost are assessed at the end of each reporting period for objective evidence of impairment. If objective evidence of impairment is found, an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of comprehensive income.
For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. If a financial asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Statement of Financial Position when there is an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.


Page 23

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

3.


Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements and estimates that affect amounts recognised for assets and liabilities at the reporting date and the amounts of revenue and expenses incurred during the reporting period. The nature of estimation means that actual outcomes could be different from those estimates. The items in the financial statements where these judgements and estimates have been made include:
Tangible fixed assets
A key estimate made by management in preparing these financial statements is the useful economic life of the furnace which is deemed to be 10 years. The furnace has a carrying value of £33,649,733 (2025: £29,683,557).
Project income:
The company participates in project-related research and development. The length of projects varies and estimations as to the level of completion of projects with reference to milestones are to ensure income and expenditure is fairly stated. These estimations are subject to management judgement. At the year end amounts included in accrued income total £12,942 (2025: £177,270) and amounts included in deferred income include £289,967 (2025: £Nil).


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2026
2025
£
£

Commercial Income
3,075,543
3,355,079

Publicly Funded Research Programmes
5,892,287
8,521,330

8,967,830
11,876,409


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2026
2025
£
£

United Kingdom
8,584,192
11,574,729

Rest of Europe
96,419
20,000

Rest of the world
287,219
281,680


Page 24

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

5.


Other operating income

As restated
2026
2025
£
£

Research and development expenditure credit ("RDEC")
1,226,161
505,634

1,226,161
505,634


RDEC income relates to research and development credits receivable from HMRC.
The prior year comparatives have been restated to reclassify the Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC), previously presented within taxation, to other operating income, with a corresponding adjustment to the tax charge. This reclassification has no impact on the prior year profit after tax or net assets.


6.


Operating (loss)/profit

The operating (loss)/profit is stated after charging:

2026
2025
£
£

Exchange differences
8,536
-

Other operating lease rentals
3,821
3,012


7.


Auditors' remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:


2026
2025
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
13,800
13,261

Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the non-audit of all other services
7,450
7,739
Page 25

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

8.


Employees

Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2026
2025
£
£

Wages and salaries
3,106,910
3,059,443

Social security costs
396,971
328,609

Cost of defined contribution pension scheme
140,247
111,258

3,644,128
3,499,310


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:


        2026
        2025
            No.
            No.







Staff
66
54


9.


Directors' remuneration

2026
2025
£
£

Directors' emoluments
191,286
122,800

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
5,145
-


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 1 director (2025 - Nil) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.


10.


Interest receivable

2026
2025
£
£


Other interest receivable
11,213
17,966


11.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2026
2025
£
£


Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
113,668
24,422

Page 26

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

12.


Taxation


As restated
2026
2025
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
232,971
126,408

Adjustments in respect of prior periods
-
(250,698)


232,971
(124,290)


Total current tax
232,971
(124,290)

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(245,900)
207,500

Total deferred tax
(245,900)
207,500


(12,929)
83,210

The prior year comparatives have been restated to reclassify the Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC), previously presented within taxation, to other operating income, with a corresponding adjustment to the tax charge. This reclassification has no impact on the prior year profit after tax or net assets.

Page 27

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026
 
12.Taxation (continued)


Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2025 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%). The differences are explained below:

As restated
2026
2025
£
£


(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities before tax
(1,833,781)
65,573


(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%)
(458,445)
16,393

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
320,767
18,476

Capital allowances for year in excess of depreciation
206,417
106

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
-
(250,698)

R&D expenditure credits
(73,569)
252,817

Movement in deferred tax not recognised
(8,099)
46,116

Total tax charge/(credit) for the year
(12,929)
83,210


Factors that may affect future tax charges

The Company has trading losses available to offset against future corporation tax liabilites. An RDEC credit of £233k has not been recognised in the financnial statements.


13.


Exceptional items

2026
2025
£
£


Furnace costs
2,407,540
-

Exceptional costs of £2.4 million arose during the commissioning of the furnace, which took longer than anticipated to achieve full operational performance. During this period, the furnace was required to remain in operation while the necessary adjustments were undertaken, resulting in additional staff and utility costs being incurred. These additional costs were unforeseen and have been treated as exceptional. 

Page 28

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

14.


Tangible fixed assets





Plant and machinery
Assets under construction
Total

£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 March 2025
44,214
31,606,201
31,650,415


Additions
529,923
5,352,506
5,882,429


Transfers between classes
34,353,370
(34,353,370)
-



At 28 February 2026

34,927,507
2,605,337
37,532,844



Depreciation


At 1 March 2025
1,572
-
1,572


Charge for the year
1,176,208
-
1,176,208



At 28 February 2026

1,177,780
-
1,177,780



Net book value



At 28 February 2026
33,749,727
2,605,337
36,355,064



At 28 February 2025
42,642
31,606,201
31,648,843

The net book value of assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts, included above, are as follows:


2026
2025
£
£



Plant and machinery
4,294,138
4,389,973

Page 29

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

15.


Stocks

2026
2025
£
£

Raw materials and consumables
30,906
78,168

Finished goods and goods for resale
123,778
-

154,684
78,168


An impairment loss of £Nil (2025: £Nil) was recognised in cost of sales against stock during the year due to     slow-moving and obsolete stock.


16.


Debtors

2026
2025
£
£


Trade debtors
4,005,454
7,167,635

Other debtors
-
470,424

Prepayments and accrued income
163,708
402,170

R&D tax recoverable
993,190
379,226

Deferred taxation
38,400
-

5,200,752
8,419,455



17.


Cash and cash equivalents

2026
2025
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
452,687
1,312,263


Page 30

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

18.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2026
2025
£
£

Trade creditors
4,426,229
7,519,400

Other taxation and social security
133,969
108,923

Obligations under finance lease and hire purchase contracts
649,870
639,086

Other creditors
25,937
31,767

Accruals
968,019
1,223,618

Deferred income (note 22)
6,812,907
3,670,015

13,016,931
13,192,809


Obligations under finance lease contracts are secured on the assets to which they relate.


19.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

2026
2025
£
£

Net obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts
668,506
1,273,097

Deferred income (Note 22)
27,517,850
24,004,571

28,186,356
25,277,668


Obligations under finance lease contracts are secured on the assets to which they relate.


20.


Hire purchase and finance leases


Minimum lease payments under hire purchase fall due as follows:

2026
2025
£
£


Within one year
649,870
639,086

Between 1-5 years
668,506
1,273,097

1,318,376
1,912,183

Page 31

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

21.


Deferred taxation




2026


£






At beginning of year
(207,500)


Charged to profit or loss
245,900



At end of year
38,400

The deferred taxation balance is made up as follows:

2026
2025
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
38,400
(207,500)

38,400
(207,500)


22.


Deferred income

2026
2025
£
£


Government Grants
32,276,415
26,766,678

Membership Income
2,054,344
907,908


34,330,759
27,674,586



Included in the financial statements as follows:

Current liabilities
6,812,907
3,670,015

Non-current liabilities
27,517,852
24,004,571


34,330,759
27,674,586


Included in government grants and procurement contracts are amounts held in respect of fixed assets under construction and will be released in line with the depreciation policy when the asset becomes operational.

Page 32

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

23.


Reserves

Profit and loss account

The profit and loss account represents the accumulated surplus or deficit of the entity.



24.


Company status

The company is a private company limited by guarantee and consequently does not have share capital. Each of the members is liable to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 towards the assets of the company in the event of liquidation.


25.


Capital commitments


At 28 February 2026 the Company had capital commitments as follows:

2026
2025
£
£


Acquisition of tangible fixed assets
-
2,155,164


26.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the company to the fund and amounted to £140,247 (2025: £111,258). Contributions totalling £25,937 (2025: £31,767) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.


27.


Commitments under operating leases

At 28 February 2026 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2026
2025
£
£


Not later than 1 year
657,040
969,240

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
2,628,158
3,252,558

Later than 5 years
4,708,783
6,537,755

7,993,981
10,759,553

Page 33

 
Glass Futures Ltd

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the Year Ended 28 February 2026

28.


Related party transactions

During the year the company made purchases of £15,420 from a company with a common director of Glass Futures Ltd. The amount owed by Glass Futures Ltd at the year end was £Nil.

Page 34