The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2025.

The ownership of Correlation One Investments (Europe) Limited (the “Company”) is split between Correlation One Holdings Limited (“Correlation”) (owning 50% plus one share) and Pinnacle Pet Group Limited (“PPG”) (owning 50% minus one share). The Company acts as a holding company for early-stage investments in subsidiaries and associates that provide a range of pet insurance products and ancillary services to pet parents, principally in the United Kingdom.

The principal risks primarily relate to the future performance of subsidiary and associate undertakings. These risks are managed and monitored by the Directors in conjunction with Correlation Holdings Europe Limited, with whom the Company has a management services contract. The Directors consider that there is a minimal level of risk associated with the Company due to the financial strength and experience of Correlation and PPG.

During the period the Company made further funding available to its existing subsidiaries and associates to facilitate further growth and development. This funding was largely in line with budgeted funding. The Company also made investments into Barkibu Pets, a Spain-based digital pet insurance broker operating across several European countries.

Total turnover of the group grew to £15.8m (2024: £11.8m). The Company made an operating loss of £15.2m for the period (2024: £15.4m) and a loss before taxation of £26.2m (2024: £19.4m). The increase in the loss before taxation was primarily driven by the group’s share of associate losses of £3.6m, increased interest on loan funding provided to the Company by its shareholders of £5.5m, and a £3.2m impairment of an associate investment, in addition to the expected operating losses in early-stage investments.

Total policyholders and registered users across the Company’s subsidiaries and associates grew organically (excluding the Barkibu Pets acquisition) by 25% over the past 12 months, reaching just under 966,000 (2024: 775,000). This is testament to the value proposition and attractiveness of each of the underlying businesses.

Correlation and PPG came together to form a long-term partnership via the Company to drive growth and innovation in the pet insurance and ancillary services sector. This includes interests in the likes of Waggel (a subsidiary of Architech Software Limited), a growing pet insurance provider in the UK; Vet-AI, an advanced veterinary telehealth provider; Biscuit (a trading name of AFX Ventures Limited), an innovative rewards and incentives platform for pet parents; Kozoo, an emerging player in the French pet insurance market; Pitpatpet Limited, a leading pet wearable company based in the UK; and Qpaws AS, a Norwegian pet activity and engagement platform.

The Company backs insurance entrepreneurs in early-stage pet insurance and ancillary services businesses based in the UK and Europe to ultimately achieve profitable and sustainable growth. It does this through the provision of management and advisory input, growth capital and access to the wider group ecosystem opportunities.

On behalf of the board

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

The principal activity of the company and group continued to be that of providing pet insurance and associated services to customers in the UK and in France.

The results for the year are set out on page 8.

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

The group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks. In the course of its business, the group is exposed to interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. Financial risk management is an integral part of the way that the group is managed. Financial risk management policies are set by the Board of Directors. The group has met all of its financial and banking covenants during the year.

Liquidity risk represents the risk that the group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The group’s approach to managing this risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the group’s reputation. The group manages this risk by maintaining adequate committed lines of funding.

Interest rate risk arising from borrowing at variable rates is not hedged.

The group does not materially transact foreign currency business on a frequent basis.

The Group's principal assets are cash deposits and trade debtors. The credit risk associated with cash deposits is limited as the accounts are held with major UK and French high street banks only. The principal credit risk arises therefore from loans with associate investments, which are monitored closely by the board.

The group broker maintains reserves which are released against the future costs of servicing insurance policies incepted in prior underwriting periods. Notably the group holds reserves for:

• Policy administration; the group incurs costs over the policy year to administer the policy. The reserve is released to income against those costs;

• Commission claw-back; where policies cancel mid-term, and the group returns a pro-rata element of its commission income associated with those cancellations; this return is met via a release from the expected commission clawback reserve.

There is a risk that these reserves are insufficient to meet the forecast requirements.

Bright Grahame Murray were appointed as auditor to the group and in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that they be re-appointed will be put at a General Meeting.

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

United Kingdom company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, the directors have elected to prepare the group and parent company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and parent company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period.

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and parent company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and parent company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and parent company, and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and parent company, and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

The directors consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing these financial statements. Further commentary in this regard is set out in the Strategic Report, the Accounting Policies and Note 1.4 to the financial statements.

We have audited the financial statements of Correlation One Investments (Europe) Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2025 which comprise the group profit and loss account, the group statement of comprehensive income, the group balance sheet, the company balance sheet, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group statement of cash flows, the company statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of the group's loss for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

• The information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• The strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

• the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

We identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and then design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, including obtaining audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

In identifying and addressing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and noncompliance with laws and regulations, our procedures included the following:

• We obtained an understanding of laws and regulations that affect the company, focusing on those that had a direct effect on the financial statements or that had a fundamental effect on its operations. Key laws and regulations that we identified included the UK Companies Act, tax legislation, employment legislation, health and safety and Financial Conduct Authority.

• We enquired of the directors, reviewed correspondence with HMRC and reviewed directors meeting minutes for evidence of non-compliance with relevant laws and regulations. We also reviewed controls the directors have in place to ensure compliance.

• We gained an understanding of the controls that the directors have in place to prevent and detect fraud. We enquired of the directors about any incidences of fraud that had taken place during the accounting period.

• The risk of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud was discussed within the audit team and tests were planned and performed to address these risks. We identified the potential for fraud in the following areas: revenue recognition, related parties outside normal course of business and management override.

• We reviewed financial statements disclosures and tested to supporting documentation to assess compliance with relevant laws and regulations discussed above.

• We enquired of the directors about actual and potential litigation and claims.

• We performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that might indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud.

• Reviewing correspondence between the Company and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in relation to compliance with laws and regulations.

• In addressing the risk of fraud due to management override of internal controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates were indicative of a potential bias.

Due to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of nondetection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations and cannot be expected to detect all fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the parent company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the parent company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the parent company and the parent company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized groups.

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company’s loss for the year was £18,511,361 (2024 - £1,248,055 loss).

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized companies.

Correlation One Investments (Europe) Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 3rd Floor, 114a Cromwell Road, London, UK, SW7 4AG.

The group consists of Correlation One Investments (Europe) Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

In the parent company financial statements, the cost of a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. The excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. The cost of the combination includes the estimated amount of contingent consideration that is probable and can be measured reliably, and is adjusted for changes in contingent consideration after the acquisition date. Provisional fair values recognised for business combinations in previous periods are adjusted retrospectively for final fair values determined in the 12 months following the acquisition date. Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Correlation One Investments (Europe) Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2025. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Subsidiaries are consolidated in the group’s financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

Entities in which the group holds an interest and which are jointly controlled by the group and one or more other venturers under a contractual arrangement are treated as joint ventures. Entities other than subsidiary undertakings or joint ventures, in which the group has a participating interest and over whose operating and financial policies the group exercises a significant influence, are treated as associates.

Investments in joint ventures and associates are carried in the group balance sheet at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the group’s share of the net assets of the entity, less any impairment in value. The carrying values of investments in joint ventures and associates include acquired goodwill.

If the group’s share of losses in a joint venture or associate equals or exceeds its investment in the joint venture or associate, the group does not recognise further losses unless it has incurred obligations to do so or has made payments on behalf of the joint venture or associate.

Unrealised gains arising from transactions with joint ventures and associates are eliminated to the extent of the group’s interest in the entity.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis notwithstanding that the group incurred a loss of £25,637,879 during the year and had net liabilities of £16,074,612 at 31 December 2025.

The group is dependent on funding from its shareholders to support its ongoing investment strategy and working capital requirements. The shareholders have confirmed that they will continue to provide financial support to the group for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements.

The directors have prepared cash flow forecasts covering a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. These forecasts incorporate assumptions regarding the level of future funding, operating performance and investment activity.

On the basis of available funding and the support from shareholders, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and have therefore adopted the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

Turnover also represents commissions received from the sale of insurance policies. Commissions are recognised at the inception of the policy, as the insurance is arranged and placed, and are adjusted for commissions refundable in the event of policy cancellation. Commissions earned in respect of newly written policies are not recognised until the 14-day cooling off period has expired.

Research expenditure is written off against profits in the year in which it is incurred. Identifiable development expenditure is capitalised to the extent that the technical, commercial and financial feasibility can be demonstrated.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of a business over the fair value of net assets acquired. It is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is considered to have a finite useful life and is amortised on a systematic basis over its expected life, which is 10 years.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the acquisition. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the fair value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Equity investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.

In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

An associate is an entity, being neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture, in which the company holds a long-term interest and where the company has significant influence. The group considers that it has significant influence where it has the power to participate in the financial and operating decisions of the associate.

Investments in associates are initially recognised at the transaction price (including transaction costs) and are subsequently adjusted to reflect the group’s share of the profit or loss, other comprehensive income and equity of the associate using the equity method. Any difference between the cost of acquisition and the share of the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the associate on acquisition is recognised as goodwill. Any unamortised balance of goodwill is included in the carrying value of the investment in associates.

Losses in excess of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate are recorded as a provision only when the company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or has made payments on behalf of the associate.

In the parent company financial statements, investments in associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.

Entities in which the group has a long term interest and shares control under a contractual arrangement are classified as jointly controlled entities.

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

Provisions are recognised when the group has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the group will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount expected to be required to settle the obligation is recognised at present value. When a provision is measured at present value, the unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

For cash-settled share-based payments, a liability is recognised for the goods and services acquired, measured initially at the fair value of the liability. At each succeeding financial reporting period end and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is remeasured, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the period.

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

Insurance debtors and creditors

The group acts as an agent of insurance companies in broking and administering insurance products and is liable as a principal for premiums due to those underwriters. The group has followed generally accepted accounting practice for insurance brokers by showing receivables, payables and cash balances relating to insurance business as assets and liabilities of the group itself. Revenue is recognised on such agency arrangements as set out in the turnover accounting policy.

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are outlined below.

Determining whether there are indicators of impairment of the group's intangible and tangible assets. Factors taken into consideration in reaching such a decision include the economic viability and expected future financial performance of the asset and where it is a component of a larger cash-generating unit, the viability and expected future performance of that unit.

A provision is recognised for expected commission clawbacks arising from policies that may be cancelled prior to the end of the policy term. The provision is calculated based on:

• historical cancellation rates; and

• expected future policy behaviour.

The provision is reviewed at each reporting date and updated for actual experience and changes in assumptions.

Each year end, the group makes a provision in respect of income deferred at that date to match against future costs, such as claims and customer resolutions. The provision is calculated using an estimate of future costs based on historical averages. Amounts received in advance of the delivery of related services, including policy administration and associated obligations, are recognised as deferred income (technical reserves creditor). These balances are released to profit or loss over the period in which the related services are provided or obligations satisfied.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The actual (credit)/charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected credit for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

Impairment tests have been carried out where appropriate and the following impairment losses have been recognised in profit or loss:

The impairment losses in respect of financial assets are recognised in other gains and losses in the profit and loss account.

The group tests goodwill, intangible assets and investments for impairment where indicators of impairment exist, and annually in the case of goodwill.

At the reporting date, the group recognised:

• Goodwill of £30,746,023

• Other intangible assets of £431,017

• Investments (including associates and loans) of £48,052,648

During the year, an impairment loss of £3,182,702 was recognised in respect the associate investment in Vet-AI Ltd.

Basis of impairment assessments

Recoverable amounts are determined based on value in use calculations or, where appropriate, an assessment of expected recoverable value from investee entities. For goodwill and intangible assets, cash-generating units (CGUs) represent individual operating subsidiaries or groups of subsidiaries with integrated operations.

For investments and loans to associates, recoverability is assessed by reference to:

• the financial position and performance of the underlying investee entities, and

• expected future cash flows or realisable value.

Key assumptions

The impairment assessments are based on management-approved forecasts with key assumptions including:

• Revenue growth rates based on expected customer growth and product expansion

• Operating cost development reflecting scaling of operations

• Long-term growth rates consistent with industry expectations

• Discount rates reflecting the time value of money and the risks specific to each CGU or investment

Given the early-stage nature of a number of the group’s investments, these forecasts involve a higher degree of estimation uncertainty.

Sensitivity and estimation uncertainty

The impairment assessments are sensitive to changes in key assumptions, in particular:

• forecast revenue growth

• timing of profitability in early-stage businesses

• discount rates applied

Reasonably possible adverse changes in these assumptions could result in further impairment charges in future periods.

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2025 are as follows:

Details of associates at 31 December 2025 are as follows:

Included in trade creditors as at the year end are amounts of £1,640,351 (2024: £1,361,903) relating to monies and other assets held on behalf of the insurer.

Included in other creditors due after one year are amounts due to non-controlling interest shareholders, which are interest free, unsecured and repayable in 2029.

As at the year end, the company had the following loan notes in issue:

2,500,000 "A" loan notes of £1 each repayable on 4 August 2033. The loan notes are unsecured and do not bear interest. In line with FRS 102 s.11, the loans have been remeasured at amortised cost at a discount rate of 8.5%.

6,000,000 "B" loan notes of £1 each repayable on 4 August 2033. The loan notes are unsecured and do not bear interest. In line with FRS 102 s.11, the loans have been remeasured at amortised cost at a discount rate of 8.5%.

1,142,622 "C" loan notes of £1 each repayable 30 August 2033. The loan notes are unsecured and accrue interest at Bank of England base rate + 8% on a PIK basis.

8,616,100 "D" loan notes of £1 each repayable 4 August 2033. The loan notes are unsecured and accrue interest at Bank of England base rate + 8% on a PIK basis.

83,000,000 "E" loan notes of £1 each repayable 30 August 2033. The loan notes are unsecured and accrue interest at Bank of England base rate + 2.5% on a PIK basis.

A provision is maintained to meet potential commission clawbacks for policies that could cancel in the future.

The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the group and company:

A deferred tax asset of £583,799 has been recognised in respect of tax losses available for offset against future taxable profits.

The recognition of this asset is based on the directors’ expectation that sufficient taxable profits will be generated in future periods to allow utilisation of these losses. This assessment is informed by:

• forecast trading performance of the group; and

• the expected profitability of underlying subsidiaries and investments over the medium term.

Given the early-stage nature of a number of the group’s investments and the current loss-making position, there remains inherent uncertainty in the timing and level of future taxable profits. Accordingly, the carrying value of the deferred tax asset is reviewed at each reporting date and will be reduced to the extent that recovery is no longer considered probable.

A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.

The Ordinary shares and the Carry shares rank pari passu in respect of both voting and economic rights.

Since the year end the Company increased its investment holding in Vet-AI Ltd to become a controlling interest.

The capital contribution reserve represents amounts contributed by shareholders that do not form part of share capital or share premium. These contributions are treated as equity as they are not repayable and do not give rise to a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets.

Movements in the reserve during the year reflect the unwinding of discounts recognised on shareholder funding arrangements accounted for at amortised cost.

The reserve is not distributable.