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Registered number: SC064920







ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2025


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED





































 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
A J Bretherton 
K Campbell 
R M Galley 
M J Gunby 
D Manton 
C M Pullen 




Registered number
SC064920



Registered office
Muthill Road
Crieff

Perthshire

PH7 4HQ




Independent auditor
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor

The Shipping Building

The Old Vinyl Factory

Blyth Road

Hayes

UB3 1HA





 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



CONTENTS



Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3 - 4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 8
Statement of comprehensive income
9
Statement of financial position
10
Statement of changes in equity
11
Notes to the financial statements
12 - 27

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

The directors present the Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Principal activity
 
The principal activity of the Company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.

Business review
 
The directors consider the results for the year and the financial position at the end of the year to represent a solid performance, particularly in view of the economic climate. Sales were above expectations with positive growth of 11%. Higher raw material costs, distribution costs and administrative expenses resulted in pre-tax profit of £4m (vs £4.2m in 2024). Administrative expenses increased due to strategic investment in people and IT systems.

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The continued level of global instability and weak economic growth in core markets remain the principle risks facing the company.

The company remains focused and committed to managing risk. During the year, the company continued to develop and strengthen its raw material supply chain, invest in its people delivering new training and strengthening key positions and continued to invest in its IT infrastructure to further improve efficiency and resilience.

Development and performance

The company continued to operate its existing operations during the year ended 31 December 2025 as well as successfully launching  Pro-Strain® i-Post to complement it's existing range.

The Company made pre-tax profits of £4,018,908 for the year and at 31 December 2025 had net assets of £24,377,335.

Financial key performance indicators
 
The key performance indicators below show a deterioration in profitability and return on assets employed:

ole0640.png        

The directors also monitor non financial KPI's covering commercial, operational, health & safety and employee performance which are managed closely and reviewed at Board meetings.

Page 1

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

Promoting the success of the Company
 
The Directors consider that in conducting the business of the company over the course of the year they have complied with section 172(1) (a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 (“S172(A)”) by fulfilling their duty to promote the success of the company, When making decisions, each director ensures that they act in the way that would most likely promote the company’s success for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to the following matters:

(a) The likely consequences of any decision in the long term

The company is part of the Storskogen group that acquire businesses for long-term growth. Therefore the long term consequences are firmly within the sights of the Board when all material decisions are made.

(b) The interest of the company’s employees

People are a key factor to the success of the company. The directors seek to retain people for the long term and our recruitment strategy is based on offering our employees both fulfilling careers and balanced lives. We look to our employees to contribute ideas for our future growth, and share the rewards of the business.

(c) The need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others

The directors seek to promote strong, long term, mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers and its subsidiary undertakings. Such general principles are critical in the delivery of the company’s strategy.

(d) The impact of the company’s operations on the community and the environment

The directors take overall responsibility for the company’s impact on the local communities in which the company operates and the environment. In 2024, our gas and electricity agreements were moved to green tariffs and key investments were made in electric vehicles and forklift trucks.

(e) The desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct

The directors recognise the importance of acting in ways which promote high standards of business conduct. The board periodically reviews and approves clear operating frameworks, to ensure that its high standards are maintained both within the businesses and the business relationships the company has with stakeholders.

(f) The need to act fairly as between members of the company

The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Storskogen Group.


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



R M Galley
Director

Date: 2 April 2026
Page 2

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic report, the Directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the Company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £3,006,784 (2024: £3,111,827).

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend. 

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

A J Bretherton 
K Campbell 
R M Galley 
M J Gunby 
P J M Lofgren (resigned 26 May 2025)
D Manton 
C M Pullen 

Page 3

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

Going concern

The Company made profits of £3,006,784 (2024: £3,111,827) during the year and at the reporting date had net current assets of £17,976,591 (2024: £15,382,480), net assets of £24,377,335 (2024: £22,067,631) and a cash balance of £28,355 (2024: £49,677).

Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering  a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.14), the directors consider the Company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Auditors

In accordance with the Company's articles, a resolution proposing that Moore Kingston Smith LLP be reappointed as auditor of the Company will be put at a General Meeting.

Disclosure of information to auditor

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:
 
∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware, and

∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





R M Galley
Director

Date: 2 April 2026

Muthill Road
Crieff
Perthshire
PH7 4HQ
Page 4

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of Tornado Wire Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2025, which comprise the Statement of comprehensive income, the Statement of financial position, the Statement of changes in equity  and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of its profit for the year then ended;
∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Page 5

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


∙the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Strategic report and the Directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the Directors' report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 6

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK) we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

∙Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
∙Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purposes of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 
∙Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. 
∙Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
∙Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
 
Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud:
 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.
 
The objectives of our audit in respect of fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses to those assessed risks; and to respond appropriately to instances of fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both management and those charged with governance of the Company.
Page 7

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Our approach was as follows:

∙We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the Company and considered that the most significant are the Companies Act 2006, UK financial reporting standards as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, and UK taxation legislation.
∙We obtained an understanding of how the Company complies with these requirements by discussions with management and those charged with governance.
∙We assessed the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, including the risk of material misstatement due to fraud and how it might occur, by holding discussions with management and those charged with governance.
∙We inquired of management and those charged with governance as to any known instances of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations.
∙Based on this understanding, we designed specific appropriate audit procedures to identify instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. This included making enquiries of management and those charged with governance and obtaining additional corroborative evidence as required.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Amar Shah (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
The Shipping Building
The Old Vinyl Factory
Blyth Road
Hayes
UB3 1HA

7 April 2026
Page 8

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
33,780,001
30,335,495

Cost of sales
  
(24,993,079)
(22,186,218)

Gross profit
  
8,786,922
8,149,277

Administrative expenses
  
(5,174,092)
(4,327,905)

Other operating income
 5 
900
900

Operating profit
 6 
3,613,730
3,822,272

Interest receivable and similar income
 10 
405,182
347,912

Interest payable and similar expenses
 11 
(4)
(78)

Profit before tax
  
4,018,908
4,170,106

Tax on profit
 12 
(1,012,124)
(1,058,279)

Profit for the financial year
  
3,006,784
3,111,827

There was no other comprehensive income for 2025 (2024: £NIL).

The notes on pages 12 to 27 form part of these financial statements.
Page 9

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:  SC064920



STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Tangible assets
 14 
7,382,344
7,696,651

  
7,382,344
7,696,651

Current assets
  

Stocks
 15 
5,231,189
5,720,805

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
16,830,989
13,076,240

Cash at bank and in hand
  
28,355
49,677

  
22,090,533
18,846,722

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 17 
(4,113,942)
(3,464,242)

Net current assets
  
 
 
17,976,591
 
 
15,382,480

Total assets less current liabilities
  
25,358,935
23,079,131

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 18 
(981,600)
(1,011,500)

  
 
 
(981,600)
 
 
(1,011,500)

Net assets
  
24,377,335
22,067,631


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 19 
105,300
105,300

Share premium account
 20 
72,900
72,900

Profit and loss account
 20 
24,199,135
21,889,431

Total equity
  
24,377,335
22,067,631


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




R M Galley
Director

Date: 2 April 2026

The notes on pages 12 to 27 form part of these financial statements.
Page 10

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£


At 1 January 2024
105,300
72,900
18,777,604
18,955,804


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
3,111,827
3,111,827



At 1 January 2025
105,300
72,900
21,889,431
22,067,631


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
3,006,784
3,006,784


Contributions by and distributions to owners

Dividends paid
-
-
(697,080)
(697,080)


At 31 December 2025
105,300
72,900
24,199,135
24,377,335


The notes on pages 12 to 27 form part of these financial statements.
Page 11

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

1.


General information

Tornado Wire Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in Scotland. The registered office is Muthill Road, Crieff, Perthshire, PH7 4HQ.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The Company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by the FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland":
∙the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows;
∙the requirements of Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation paragraph 3.17(d);
∙the requirements of Section 11 Financial Instruments paragraphs 11.42, 11.44 to 11.45, 11.47, 11.48(a)(iii), 11.48(a)(iv), 11.48(b) and 11.48(c);
∙the requirements of Section 12 Other Financial Instruments paragraphs 12.26 to 12.27, 12.29(a), 12.29(b) and 12.29A;
∙the requirements of Section 33 Related Party Disclosures paragraph 33.7.

This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of Storskogen Group AB (publ) as at 31 December 2025 and these financial statements may be obtained from Hovslagargaton 3, 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden, and the company's website.

 
2.3

Going concern

The Company made profits of £3,006,784 (2024: £3,111,827) during the year and at the reporting date had net current assets of £17,976,591 (2024: £15,382,480), net assets of £24,377,335 (2024: £22,067,631) and a cash balance of £28,355 (2024: £49,677).

Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering  a year of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.14), the directors consider the Company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Page 12

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.4

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentation currency is GBP and the financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.

 
2.5

Revenue

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

 
2.6

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.7

Leased assets: the Company as lessee

Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts and finance leases are capitalised as tangible fixed assets. 

Assets acquired by finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. 

Assets acquired by hire purchase are depreciated over their useful lives. 

Finance leases are those where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership are assumed by the Company. Obligations under such agreements are included in creditors net of the finance charge allocated to future periods. The finance element of the rental payment is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge on the net obligation outstanding in each period.

 
2.8

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

Page 13

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.9

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.10

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of financial position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

 
2.11

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that:
∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.


 
2.12

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Page 14

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.12
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, on the following bases.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Freehold land and buildings
-
2-20% on cost
Leasehold land and buildings
-
2-20% on cost
Plant and machinery
-
5-20% on cost
Motor vehicles
-
25% on cost
Fixtures and fittings
-
33% on cost

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

Land and buildings freehold included £225,500 
(2024: £225,500) relating to land which is not depreciated.

 
2.13

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.14

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

 
2.15

Financial instruments

The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Company's Statement of financial position when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
 
Page 15

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.15
Financial instruments (continued)

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusted for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial assets that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss) and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other debtors due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.
 
Other financial assets

Other financial assets, which includes investments in equity instruments which are not classified as subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the recognised transaction price. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss. Where other financial assets are not publicly traded, hence their fair value cannot be measured reliably, they are measured at cost less impairment.

Cashpooling

This interest-bearing bank account sweeping arrangement means that cash balances and overdrafts are physically transferred to Storskogen Group AB header account on a daily basis. The net amount of £11,821,393 as at 31 December 2025 is included in 'Amounts owed by group undertakings' (2024: £8,030,086). This amount is repayable on demand with the Company retaining ability to access the cash at any time.

Impairment of financial assets

At the end of each reporting period financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.
 
Page 16

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.15
Financial instruments (continued)

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other creditors, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest, discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade creditors are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
 

Other financial instruments

Derivatives, including forward exchange contracts, futures contracts and interest rate swaps, are not classified as basic financial instruments. These are initially recognised at fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into, with costs being charged to the profit or loss. They are subsequently measured at fair value with changes in the profit or loss.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions as set out in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through the profit or loss. This recognition and measurement would also apply to financial instruments where the performance is evaluated on a fair value basis as with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the Company transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the Company will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Company's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Page 17

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.16

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.

3.


Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the Company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

Useful lives of depreciable assets
The annual depreciation charge depends primarily on the estimated useful life of the asset and circumstances. The directors annually review the asset life and adjust as necessary to reflect current thinking on the remaining life in light of technological change, prospective economic utilisation and physical condition of the asset concerned.  Changes in asset lives can have a significant impact on depreciation charges for the period. It is not practical to quantify the impact of changes to asset lives on an overall basis, as asset lives are individually determined.

Allowance for impairment of trade receivables
The management estimates the allowance for doubtful trade debtors based on assessment of specific accounts where the Company has objective evidence comprising default in payment terms or significant financial difficulty that certain customers are unable to meet their financial obligations. In these cases, judgement used was based on the best available facts and circumstances including but not limited to, the length of the relationship.

Allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory
Management estimates the net realisable value of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence at each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected by future technology and other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling price. 

Page 18

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2025
2024
£
£

Sale of goods
33,780,001
30,335,495

33,780,001
30,335,495


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2025
2024
£
£

United Kingdom
27,641,209
24,299,655

EU
5,761,001
5,646,573

Rest of the world
377,791
389,267

33,780,001
30,335,495



5.


Other operating income

2025
2024
£
£

Net rents receivable
900
900

900
900



6.


Operating profit

The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting):

2025
2024
£
£

Exchange differences
(18,009)
65,490

Other operating lease rentals
30,000
30,000

Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
622,650
600,184

Profit on disposal of tangible fixed assets
(13,081)
(51,695)

Page 19

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

7.


Auditor's remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditor:


2025
2024
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's financial statements
35,040
33,378


8.


Employees

Staff costs, including the directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2025
2024
£
£

Wages and salaries
4,041,468
3,543,422

Social security costs
491,422
357,050

Cost of defined contribution scheme
374,995
208,102

4,907,885
4,108,574


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:


        2025
        2024
            No.
            No.







Directors
2
2



Production
63
58



Distribution
10
8



Sales
11
10



Office
7
6

93
84

Page 20

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

9.


Directors' remuneration

2025
2024
£
£

Directors' emoluments
450,276
416,962

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
78,780
114,590

529,056
531,552


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 2 directors (2024 -2) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.

The highest paid director received remuneration of £302,323 (2024 -£168,224).

The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid director amounted to £19,947 (2024 -£88,742).


10.


Interest receivable and similar income

2025
2024
£
£


Other interest receivable
405,182
347,912

405,182
347,912


11.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2025
2024
£
£


Bank interest payable
4
78

4
78

Page 21

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

12.


Taxation


2025
2024
£
£

Corporation tax


Group relief payable
1,056,693
1,101,899

Adjustments in respect of previous periods
(14,669)
-


1,042,024
1,101,899


Total current tax
1,042,024
1,101,899

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(29,900)
(43,620)

Total deferred tax
(29,900)
(43,620)


Tax on profit
1,012,124
1,058,279

Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2024 -higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024 -25%). The differences are explained below:

2025
2024
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
4,018,908
4,170,106


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024 -25%)
1,004,728
1,042,527

Effects of:


Fixed asset differences
42,672
7,117

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
2,095
-

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
(14,669)
62,921

Deferred tax adjustment
(29,900)
(43,620)

Other movement
7,198
(10,666)

Total tax charge for the year
1,012,124
1,058,279

Page 22

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
 
12.Taxation (continued)


Factors that may affect future tax charges

Tornado Wire Limited is within the scope of the OECD Pillar Two model rules. Pillar Two legislation has been enacted in the UK and is effective in 2025. 

Under the legislation, the Company is liable to pay a top-up tax in the UK for the difference between the GloBE effective tax rate for each jurisdiction and the 15% minimum rate. In addition, top-up taxes are payable locally where qualifying domestic minimum top-up taxes have been legislated and are in effect. 

Transitional relief has been introduced based on the group’s country-by-country reporting obligations. If the criteria are met, no top-up tax will be charged for the tax jurisdiction in question, and there is no need to prepare the full computation of top-up-tax. Based on the preliminary country-by-country reporting for 2024, it has been determined that the UK is within the scope of the transitional relief rule. 


13.


Dividends

2025
2024
£
£


Dividends paid
697,080
-

697,080
-

Page 23

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

14.


Tangible fixed assets





Freehold land and buildings
Leasehold land and buildings
Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Total

£
£
£
£
£
£



Cost


At 1 January 2025
3,869,595
87,590
10,412,017
216,032
360,589
14,945,823


Additions
31,235
7,600
196,367
-
76,118
311,320


Disposals
-
-
(83,410)
-
-
(83,410)



At 31 December 2025

3,900,830
95,190
10,524,974
216,032
436,707
15,173,733



Depreciation


At 1 January 2025
1,058,137
87,590
5,603,864
157,363
342,218
7,249,172


Charge for the year
88,402
201
493,828
20,931
19,288
622,650


Disposals
-
-
(80,433)
-
-
(80,433)



At 31 December 2025

1,146,539
87,791
6,017,259
178,294
361,506
7,791,389



Net book value



At 31 December 2025
2,754,291
7,399
4,507,715
37,738
75,201
7,382,344



At 31 December 2024
2,811,458
-
4,808,153
58,669
18,371
7,696,651


15.


Stocks

2025
2024
£
£

Raw materials and consumables
2,382,206
2,084,382

Finished goods and goods for resale
2,848,983
3,636,423

5,231,189
5,720,805


Page 24

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

16.


Debtors

2025
2024
£
£


Trade debtors
4,176,256
2,880,603

Amounts owed by group undertakings
12,173,552
9,186,672

Other debtors
347,277
898,003

Prepayments and accrued income
133,904
110,962

16,830,989
13,076,240



17.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2025
2024
£
£

Trade creditors
2,717,384
1,434,267

Amounts owed to group undertakings
-
67,392

Corporation tax
-
958,677

Other taxation and social security
880,561
648,642

Other creditors
686
34,697

Accruals and deferred income
515,311
320,567

4,113,942
3,464,242


18.


Deferred taxation




2025


£






At beginning of year
(1,011,500)


Credit to profit or loss
29,900



At end of year
(981,600)

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2025
2024
£
£


Fixed asset timing differences
(989,700)
(1,014,721)

Short term timing differences
8,100
3,221

(981,600)
(1,011,500)


The timing of the outflows related to deferred tax is uncertain and depends on future events.

Page 25

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

19.


Called up share capital

2025
2024
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



105,300 (2024 -105,300) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
105,300
105,300

The Ordinary shares have attached to them full voting, dividend and capital distribution rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption.


20.


Reserves

Share premium account

This reserve records the amount above the nominal value received for shares issued, less transaction costs.

Profit and loss account

This reserve records retained earnings and accumulated losses.


21.


Capital commitments


At 31 December 2025 the Company had capital commitments as follows:

2025
2024
£
£


Contracted for but not provided in these financial statements
-
67,573

-
67,573


22.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £374,995 (2024: £208,102). Contributions totalling £33,649 (2024: £23,344) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.


23.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 December 2025 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2025
2024
£
£


Not later than 1 year
22,049
31,011

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
23,472
45,521

45,521
76,532

Page 26

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

24.


Transactions with directors

Included in other creditors are the following transactions with the directors.

2025
2024
£
£
Balance outstanding at start of year

11,353

-
 
Amounts advanced

10,910

137,373
 
Amounts repaid

(21,577)

(126,020)
 
Balance outstanding at end of year
686

11,353
 

Interest is not being charged on this loan. The loan is repayable on demand. 


25.


Related party transactions

The Company has taken advantage of the exemptions available in FRS 102 Section 33. 1A not to disclose transactions with any fellow wholly owned group companies.


26.


Controlling party

The parent company of Tornado Wire Limited is Tornado Group Limited, a company incorporated in England Wales. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary.

Storskogen Group AB (publ), the company's ultimate controlling party, is the parent of the largest and the smallest group of undertakings for which consolidated financial statements are drawn up and of which the company is a member. Storskogen Group AB (publ) is incorporated in Sweden, and its consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, Hovslagargaton 3, 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden, and the company's website.
 
Page 27