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Registered number: 06993551
















HYBRID NEWS LIMITED




ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025


































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HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
COMPANY INFORMATION


DIRECTORS
C P Cammann 
M Kirshbaum (appointed 23 December 2025)
D Felsenthal (appointed 23 December 2025)




COMPANY SECRETARY
R Dyer (appointed 23 December 2025)



REGISTERED NUMBER
06993551



REGISTERED OFFICE
46-48 Queen Charlotte Street

Bristol

BS1 4HX




INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
BDO LLP

Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors

Bridgewater House

Finzels Reach

Counterslip

Bristol

BS1 6BX






HYBRID NEWS LIMITED


CONTENTS



Page
Strategic Report
 
Directors' Report
 
Directors' Responsibilities Statement
 
Independent Auditor's Report
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
 
Company Statement of Financial Position
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
 


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

INTRODUCTION
 
The directors present their Strategic Report for Hybrid News Limited for the year ended 31 December 2025.

BUSINESS REVIEW
 
The company is a fully integrated marketing agency that combines digital marketing, insights, technology, strategy, and creative, specialising in the education sector. 

FINANCIAL KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

The directors use a number of key performance indicators (KPIs) to monitor the performance of the business against its budget and the prior year. This includes:

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PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
 
The directors consider that the existing principal risks of the company include economic uncertainty impacting the budgets of our clients, in addition to those set out below.

Credit Risk

The company and group’s principal financial assets subject to credit risk arises from its trade debtors. This is managed through a diverse customer base as well as closely monitoring ageing analysis and debtor balances.

Employee Retention

The ability of the company and group to attract and retain key personnel is an important aspect of its continued growth. Delivering high standards of work to our clients depends on being able to attract and retain key personnel. Training and development is a key focus for the company.

Competitive risk

The market for the company and group’s services remains competitive. The group has demonstrated strong client retention rates and have seen marketing spend with retained clients grow year on year. We have consistently won new clients during the year and remain confident this trend will continue with a growing pipeline of new prospects.

Foreign Currency risk

The company and group’s activities are exposed to the financial risk associated with foreign currency movements with revenues and costs in multiple currencies. Where possible the group looks to limit the amounts held in foreign currencies and to match revenues and costs to minimise the risk of fluctuation.

Going Concern

Trading for the period ended 31 December 2025 has delivered growth in revenues and operating profit and an increase in cash held on the balance sheet. Despite the continued risks of economic uncertainty, the business is confident that it will continue to trade through 2026 and beyond. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED


GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.


C P Cammann
Director

Date: 23 July 2026


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

The directors present their report and the consolidated financial statements for Hybrid News Limited (the Company) together with its subsidiaries (the Group) for the year ended 31 December 2025.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

The principal activities of the Company and Group are those of internet news reporting, online content production, digital publishing, web advertising and audience analytics.

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £4,770,731 (2024: £3,640,837).

Dividends of £2,500,000 were paid during the year (2024: £5,000,000).

DIRECTORS

The directors who served during the year and up to the date of this report unless otherwise stated were:

C P Cammann  
J G Craven  (resigned 23 December 2025)
W Langton (appointed 26 August 2025, resigned 23 December 2025)
M Kirshbaum (appointed 23 December 2025)
D Felsenthal (appointed 23 December 2025)

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITOR

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware, and

∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information.

POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS

There have been no significant events affecting the company since the year end. 

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 



C P Cammann
Director

Date: 23 July 2026


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

∙select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
Report on the audit of the financial statements
 
Opinion


In our opinion:

∙the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of the Group’s profit and the Group’s cash flows for the year then ended;
∙the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

We have audited the financial statements of Hybrid News Limited (“the  Company”) and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2025 which comprise of the following: 

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The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 
        

Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Independence

We are independent of the Group and the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
            
Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group or Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. However, because not all future events or conditions can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the Group and the  Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

  


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF HYBRID NEWS LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Other Information


The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report and Financial Statements, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard
 
Other Companies Act 2006 reporting
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

∙the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors’ Report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

∙adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
∙the Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
∙certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.



Responsibilities of Directors


As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial staements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements


Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF HYBRID NEWS LIMITED (CONTINUED)

from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the Company and management..
Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and noncompliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following:

Non-compliance with laws and regulations
Based on:
∙Our understanding of the Group and the industry in which is operates;
∙Discussion with management and those charges with governance, and
∙Obtaining and understanding of the Group's policies and procedures regarding compliance with laws and regulations;

We considered the significant laws and regulations to be the Companies Act 2006, UK Generaly Accepted Accounting Practice and UK tax legislation.

The Group is also subject to laws and regulations where the consequence of non-compliance could have a material effect on the amount or disclosures in the financial statements, for example through the imposition of fines or litigations. We identified such laws and regulations to be the health and safety legislation and UK employment law.

Our procedures in respect of the above included:
∙Enquiries of management whether there were any litigations and claims;
∙Review of minutes of meetings of those charged with governance for any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations;
∙Review of financial statement disclosures and agreeing to supporting documentation; and
∙Review of legal expenditure accounts to understand the nature of expenditure incurred;

Fraud
We assessed the susceptibility of the financial statements to material misstatement including fraud. Our risk assessment procedures included:
∙Enquiry with management and those charged with governance regarding any known or suspected instances of fraud;
∙Obtaining an understanding of the Group's policies and procedures relating to:
°Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud; and
°Internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud.
∙Review of minutes of meetings of those charged with governance for any known or suspected instances of fraud;
∙Discussion amongst the engagement team as to how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements; and
∙Performing analyticals procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud;

Based on our risk assessment, we considered the areas most susceptible to fraud to be revenue recognition and management override of controls.

Our procedures in respect of the above included:
∙Testing a sample of journal entries throughout the year, which met defined risk criteria, in particular journal entries posted to revenue and unusual account combinations, by agreeing to supporting documentation. We also tested journals that did not meet the defined risk criteria; and


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF HYBRID NEWS LIMITED (CONTINUED)

∙Challenging the appropriateness of estimates and judgements made by management, in particular in connection with revenue recognition.

We also communication relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members who were all deemed to have appropriate competence and capabilities and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.

Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we are to become aware of it.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk /auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.


James Eastell (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor
Bristol, UK

Date: 24 July 2026

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127).



 
 



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
38,846,720
32,602,386

Cost of sales
  
(27,396,541)
(22,082,934)

Gross profit
  
11,450,179
10,519,452

Administrative expenses
  
(5,077,106)
(5,537,091)

Other operating income
 5 
-
14,200

Operating profit
 6 
6,373,073
4,996,561

Interest receivable and similar income
 10 
60,561
67,652

Interest payable and similar expenses
 11 
(41,623)
(57,142)

Profit before taxation
  
6,392,011
5,007,071

Tax on profit
 12 
(1,621,280)
(1,366,234)

Profit for the financial year
  
4,770,731
3,640,837

  

Foreign exchange on consolidation
  
137,185
418,353

Total comprehensive income for the year
  
4,907,916
4,059,190

There were no recognised gains and losses for 2025 or 2024 other than those included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

The notes on  form part of these financial statements.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:06993551

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 14 
128,063
179,397

Tangible assets
 15 
180,266
291,243

  
308,329
470,640

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 17 
11,160,079
10,003,519

Cash at bank and in hand
  
8,685,245
6,710,417

  
19,845,324
16,713,936

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 18 
(13,160,514)
(12,586,368)

Net current assets
  
 
 
6,684,810
 
 
4,127,568

Total assets less current liabilities
  
6,993,139
4,598,208

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 19 
(37,151)
(50,136)

  
 
 
(37,151)
 
 
(50,136)

Net assets
  
6,955,988
4,548,072


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 20 
1,060
1,060

Share premium account
 21 
226,349
226,349

Foreign exchange reserve
 21 
555,538
418,353

Profit and loss account
 21 
6,173,041
3,902,310

  
6,955,988
4,548,072


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf on 23 July 2026.




C P Cammann
Director

The notes on  form part of these financial statements.


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:06993551

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 14 
128,063
179,397

Tangible assets
 15 
129,804
259,988

Investments
 16 
89,367
54

  
347,234
439,439

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 17 
11,133,843
9,655,327

Cash at bank and in hand
  
7,584,509
4,737,713

  
18,718,352
14,393,040

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 18 
(12,182,485)
(10,694,220)

Net current assets
  
 
 
6,535,867
 
 
3,698,820

Total assets less current liabilities
  
6,883,101
4,138,259

  

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred taxation
 19 
(37,151)
(50,136)

  
 
 
(37,151)
 
 
(50,136)

Net assets
  
6,845,950
4,088,123


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 20 
1,060
1,060

Share premium account
 21 
226,349
226,349

Profit and loss account
 21 
6,618,541
3,860,714

  
6,845,950
4,088,123


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf on 23 July 2026.


C P Cammann
Director

The notes on  form part of these financial statements.


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Foreign exchange reserve
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£
£


At 1 January 2024
1,060
226,349
-
5,261,473
5,488,882



Profit for the year
-
-
-
3,640,837
3,640,837

Foreign exchange on consolidation
-
-
418,353
-
418,353

Dividends
-
-
-
(5,000,000)
(5,000,000)



At 1 January 2025
1,060
226,349
418,353
3,902,310
4,548,072



Profit for the year
-
-
-
4,770,731
4,770,731

Foreign exchange on consolidation
-
-
137,185
-
137,185

Dividends
-
-
-
(2,500,000)
(2,500,000)


At 31 December 2025
1,060
226,349
555,538
6,173,041
6,955,988


The notes on  form part of these financial statements.


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED


COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£


At 1 January 2024
1,060
226,349
4,767,531
4,994,940



Profit for the year
-
-
4,093,183
4,093,183

Dividends
-
-
(5,000,000)
(5,000,000)



At 1 January 2025
1,060
226,349
3,860,714
4,088,123



Profit for the year
-
-
5,257,827
5,257,827

Dividends
-
-
(2,500,000)
(2,500,000)


At 31 December 2025
1,060
226,349
6,618,541
6,845,950


The notes on  form part of these financial statements.


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2025
2024
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
4,770,731
3,640,837

Adjustments for:

Amortisation of intangible assets
24,864
32,102

Depreciation of tangible assets
200,517
186,570

Interest payable
41,623
57,142

Interest receivable
(60,561)
(67,652)

Taxation charge
1,621,280
1,366,234

(Increase) in debtors
(3,484,300)
(2,050,972)

Increase in creditors
1,160,327
3,915,757

Corporation tax (paid)
(2,177,812)
(1,756,917)

Net cash generated from operating activities

2,096,669
5,323,101


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of intangible fixed assets
(37,364)
(36,592)

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(103,415)
(113,063)

Interest received
60,561
67,652

Net cash from investing activities

(80,218)
(82,003)

Cash flows from financing activities

Dividends paid
-
(5,000,000)

Interest paid
(41,623)
(57,142)

Net cash used in financing activities
(41,623)
(5,057,142)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
1,974,828
183,956

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
6,710,417
6,526,461

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
8,685,245
6,710,417


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
8,685,245
6,710,417

8,685,245
6,710,417


The notes on  form part of these financial statements.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

1.


GENERAL INFORMATION

Hybrid News Limited is a private company, limited by shares and registered in England within the United Kingdom.  The registered number is 06993551 and address of the registered office is 46-48 Queen Charlotte Street, Bristol, BS1 4HX.

2.ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 
2.1

BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Group management to exercise judgment in applying the Group's accounting policies (see note 3).

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own Statement of Comprehensive Income in these financial statements.

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its own subsidiaries ("the Group") as if they form a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full.

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the Statement of Financial Position, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income from the date on which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date control ceases.

 
2.3

GOING CONCERN

The directors have prepared cash flow forecasts that show that the Company and Group is able to meet its obligations as they fall due for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements. Accordingly, the directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 
2.4

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.

Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income within 'finance income or costs'. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in profit or loss within 'other operating income'.

On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into Sterling at rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income.

 
2.5

REVENUE

Revenue arises from contracts with customers under tactical or strategic partnership arrangements. Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Rendering of services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
∙the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
∙it is probable that the company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
∙the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
∙the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

Where amounts are invoiced in advance of service delivery, these amounts are included in deferred income.

 
2.6

INTEREST INCOME

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 
2.7

FINANCE COSTS

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.8

PENSIONS

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLAN

The Group operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Group has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of Financial Position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Group in independently administered funds.

 
2.9

CURRENT AND DEFERRED TAXATION

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company and the Group operate and generate income.


Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that:

•  the recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
•  any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 
2.10

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL

Goodwill represents the difference between amounts paid on the cost of a business combination and the acquirer’s interest in the fair value of the Group's share of its identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquiree at the date of acquisition. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is amortised on a straight-line basis to the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income over its useful economic life.

OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life.

 Amortisation is provided on the following bases:

Domains and website development
-
10%
straight line

 
2.11

TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Office equipment
-
20%
straight line

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.12

VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost less accumulated impairment.

Investments in unlisted Group shares, whose market value can be reliably determined, are remeasured to market value at each reporting date. Gains and losses on remeasurement are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the period. Where market value cannot be reliably determined, such investments are stated at historic cost less impairment.

Investments in listed company shares are remeasured to market value at each reporting date. Gains and losses on remeasurement are recognised in profit or loss for the period.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

2.ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 
2.13

DEBTORS

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.14

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours.

 
2.15

CREDITORS

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.16

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.17

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Group's Statement of Financial Position when the Group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusted for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial assets that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss) and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Group's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other debtors due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

 
2.18

DIVIDENDS

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

3.



JUDGMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make significant judgements and estimates. Revenue deferred at the end of the period is based on an estimate of the pattern of delivery of the related services to the customer.


4.


TURNOVER

The whole of the turnover is attributable to the provision of online content production and web advertising.

Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2025
2024
£
£

United Kingdom
27,160,094
23,383,028

Rest of Europe
741,515
1,009,472

Rest of the world
10,945,111
8,209,886

38,846,720
32,602,386



5.


OTHER OPERATING INCOME

2025
2024
£
£

Other operating income
-
14,200



6.


OPERATING PROFIT

The operating profit is stated after charging:

2025
2024
£
£

Operating lease expenses
317,194
298,711

Exchange differences
392,025
54,171

Amortisation on intangible fixed assets
24,864
32,102

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets
200,517
196,412


7.


AUDITORS' REMUNERATION

During the year, the Group obtained the following services from the Group's auditors:


2025
2024
£
£

Fees payable to the Group's auditors and their associates for the audit of the consolidated and Group's financial statements
51,400
44,621



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

8.


EMPLOYEES

Staff costs were as follows:


Group
Group
Company
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£


Wages and salaries
5,884,741
5,914,464
4,955,058
5,008,688

Social security costs
644,923
517,601
627,439
491,231

Cost of defined contribution scheme
192,075
188,721
105,446
90,320

6,721,739
6,620,786
5,687,943
5,590,239


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:



Group
Group
Company
Company
        2025
        2024
        2025
        2024
            No.
            No.
            No.
            No.









United Kingdom
81
83
81
83



Malaysia
24
29
24
29



Australia
12
14
-
-

117
126
105
112


9.


DIRECTORS' REMUNERATION



The directors of the Group are remunerated through the Group’s immediate parent undertaking. No recharge of directors’ remuneration has been made to the Group during the financial year. Accordingly, as the Group has not borne any cost of directors’ remuneration, no directors’ remuneration has been disclosed in these financial statements.


10.


INTEREST RECEIVABLE

2025
2024
£
£


Bank interest receivable
60,561
67,652


11.


INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES

2025
2024
£
£


Other interest payable
41,623
57,142



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

12.


TAXATION


2025
2024
£
£

CORPORATION TAX


Current tax on profits for the year
1,561,127
1,292,340

Adjustments in respect of previous periods
(184,119)
(41,869)


1,377,008
1,250,471


Double taxation relief
(2,578)
(6,165)

Group taxation relief
-
118,754


1,374,430
1,363,060

FOREIGN TAX


Foreign tax on income for the year
224,914
18,391

Foreign tax in respect of prior periods
34,921
-

259,835
18,391

TOTAL CURRENT TAX
1,634,265
1,381,451

DEFERRED TAX


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(20,092)
(24,492)

Adjustments in respect of prior periods
7,107
9,275

TOTAL DEFERRED TAX
(12,985)
(15,217)


TAX ON PROFIT
1,621,280
1,366,234


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025
 
12.TAXATION (CONTINUED)


FACTORS AFFECTING TAX CHARGE FOR THE YEAR

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2024: higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024: 25%). The differences are explained below:

2025
2024
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
6,392,011
5,007,071


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2024: 25%)
1,598,003
1,364,854

EFFECTS OF:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
88,546
8,289

Capital allowances for year in excess of depreciation
28,521
13,594

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
(149,198)
(41,869)

Adjustments to deferred tax charge in respect of prior periods
7,107
9,275

Other timing differences leading to an increase (decrease) in taxation
-
(135)

Non-taxable income
(187,873)
-

Intercompany transactions not deductible for tax purposes
105,484
-

Foreign tax credits
4,371
12,226

Effects of foreign tax rate differential
126,319
-

Group relief surrendered/(claimed)
-
(118,754)

Payment for group relief
-
118,754

TOTAL TAX CHARGE FOR THE YEAR
1,621,280
1,366,234


FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE TAX CHARGES

There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.


13.


DIVIDENDS

2025
2024
£
£


Dividends
2,500,000
5,000,000

2,500,000
5,000,000



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

14.


INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Group and Company





Domains and website development
Goodwill
Total

£
£
£



COST


At 1 January 2025
460,443
36,592
497,035


Additions
37,364
-
37,364


Disposals
(287,426)
(36,592)
(324,018)



At 31 December 2025

210,381
-
210,381



AMORTISATION


At 1 January 2025
317,638
-
317,638


Charge for the year
24,864
-
24,864


On disposals
(260,184)
-
(260,184)



At 31 December 2025

82,318
-
82,318



NET BOOK VALUE



At 31 December 2025
128,063
-
128,063



At 31 December 2024
142,805
36,592
179,397





HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

15.


TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

Group



Office equipment

£



COST


At 1 January 2025
1,387,893


Additions
103,415


Disposals
(281,749)



At 31 December 2025

1,209,559



DEPRECIATION


At 1 January 2025
1,096,650


Charge for the year
200,517


Disposals
(267,874)



At 31 December 2025

1,029,293



NET BOOK VALUE



At 31 December 2025
180,266



At 31 December 2024
291,243



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

           15.TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS (CONTINUED)


Company






Office equipment

£

COST OR VALUATION


At 1 January 2025
1,317,256


Additions
68,121


Disposals
(277,207)



At 31 December 2025

1,108,170



DEPRECIATION


At 1 January 2025
1,057,268


Charge for the year
186,430


Disposals
(265,332)



At 31 December 2025

978,366



NET BOOK VALUE



At 31 December 2025
129,804



At 31 December 2024
259,988








HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

16.


FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS

Company





Investments in subsidiary companies

£



COST OR VALUATION


At 1 January 2025
54


Additions
89,313



At 31 December 2025
89,367





SUBSIDIARY UNDERTAKINGS


The following were subsidiary undertakings of the Company:

Name

Registered office

Class of shares

Holding

Hybrid Anz PTY Limited
Level 6, 40 King Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 200 Australia
Ordinary
100%
Hybrid I.T Solution Private Limited
Airport Road, Kathmandu 9, Sinamangal, Kathmandu Bagmati 44605, 
Nepal
Ordinary
100%


17.


DEBTORS

Group
Group
Company
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£


Trade debtors
2,856,227
3,730,273
2,555,275
2,718,656

Amounts owed by group undertakings
6,341,333
3,827,468
7,019,258
5,051,299

Tax recoverable
207,181
34,921
117,747
34,921

Other debtors
81,798
117,944
14,073
60,211

Prepayments and accrued income
1,673,540
2,292,913
1,427,490
1,790,240

11,160,079
10,003,519
11,133,843
9,655,327




HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

18.


CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR

Group
Group
Company
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£

Trade creditors
4,334,198
2,307,990
4,052,047
2,106,241

Amounts owed to group undertakings
-
159,669
-
-

Corporation tax
560,449
931,736
560,449
908,721

Other taxation and social security
170,601
463,149
109,670
190,162

Other creditors
299,072
146,931
220,075
146,931

Accruals and deferred income
7,796,194
8,576,893
7,240,244
7,342,165

13,160,514
12,586,368
12,182,485
10,694,220



19.


DEFERRED TAXATION


Group





2025


£






At beginning of year
(50,136)


Credited to profit or loss
12,985



AT END OF YEAR
(37,151)

Company




2025


£






At beginning of year
(50,136)


Charged to profit or loss
12,985



AT END OF YEAR
(37,151)

Group
Group
Company
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£

Accelerated capital allowances
(37,151)
(50,136)
(37,151)
(50,136)

(37,151)
(50,136)
(37,151)
(50,136)


HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

20.


SHARE CAPITAL

2025
2024
£
£
ALLOTTED, CALLED UP AND FULLY PAID



1,060 (2024: 1,060) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
1,060
1,060



21.


RESERVES

Share premium account

The share premium account records the amount above the nominal value received for shares sold, less transaction costs.

Foreign exchange reserve

The foreign exchange reserve represents cumulative translation differences arising from the translation of foreign operations.

Profit and loss account

The profit and loss account includes all current and prior period retained profits and losses.


22.


PENSION COMMITMENTS

The Group operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Group in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Group to the fund and amounted to £192,613 (2024: £192,613). Contributions totaling £293 (2024: £14,213)  were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in other creditors.


23.


COMMITMENTS UNDER OPERATING LEASES

At 31 December 2025 the Group and the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:


Group
Group
Company
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£

Not later than 1 year
322,978
283,776
228,302
193,486

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
586,143
654,095
440,967
619,236

Later than 5 years
38,311
17,810
-
-

947,432
955,681
669,269
812,722



HYBRID NEWS LIMITED

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

24.


RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption under FRS 102 Section 33.1a and not disclosed details of transactions entered into between wholly owned entities within the Group.

Hybrid Media USA is a company under common ownership. Costs transferred to Hybrid Media USA in the year were £3,125,178 (2024: £560,648). At the reporting date, the amount owed from Hybrid News Limited was £3,370,901 (2024: £1,096,305).

During the year, costs transferred to the Company from Project Fusion Bidco Limited totalled £4,099,155 (2024: £2,280,190). At the reporting date, the amount owed to Hybrid News Limited was £2,970,432 (2024: £2,712,825).

25.


CONTROLLING PARTY

The Company's immediate parent is Project Fusion Bidco Limited, a company registered in England and
Wales.

On 23 December 2025, 100% of the issued share capital in Project Fusion Bidco Limited was acquired by EAB Global, INC. which is now the ultimate parent company.