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Among other things, the Company can demonstrate the existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or, if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset; the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.truefalsetrue2025-03-01truetrue4false4truefalse 03034318 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 2024-03-01 2025-02-28 03034318 2026-02-28 03034318 2025-02-28 03034318 2024-03-01 03034318 1 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 1 2024-03-01 2025-02-28 03034318 6 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 6 2024-03-01 2025-02-28 03034318 d:CompanySecretary1 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 d:Director1 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 d:Director2 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 d:Director3 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 03034318 d:Director4 2025-03-01 2026-02-28 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iso4217:GBP xbrli:shares xbrli:pure
Company Registration Number: 03034318



















BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026













img3077.png

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
S A Hardy 
K Cogan 
D W Frise 
H J W Ropner 




Company secretary
S A Hardy



Registered number
03034318



Registered office
Old Mansion House
Eamont Bridge

Penrith

Cumbria

CA10 2BX




Independent auditors
Armstrong Watson Audit Limited

James Watson House

Montgomery Way

Rosehill

Carlisle

CA1 2UU





 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Directors' report
 
 
1 - 2
Independent auditors' report
 
 
3 - 5
Statement of comprehensive income
 
 
6
Balance sheet
 
 
7
Statement of changes in equity
 
 
8
Notes to the financial statements
 
 
9 - 21


 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 28 February 2026.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

The Company’s principal activity during the year was the sale of property maintenance software.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £1,619,817 (2025 - £1,135,963).

The Company paid dividends of £1,300,000 during the year (2025 - £1,121,090). No additional dividend has been proposed.

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

S A Hardy 
K Cogan 
D W Frise 
H J W Ropner 

Future developments

SFG20 continued to deliver strong growth in FY26. Sales income increases were underpinned by an increase in new logo customers, growth in the existing base and the launch of a new product, SFG20 Mobiliser in October 2025. International sales and Professional Services continued to keep pace with top line growth. SFG20’s role in helping building owners and Service Providers to evidence compliance continued to be a strong driver for new product sales, particularly as understanding of the implications of the Building Safety Act increases. In addition, with new products such as Mobiliser coming on stream, there is a strong return on investment benefit around efficiency savings that is being well received by prospects and customers.

Page 1

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

Research and development activities

Research in connection with the development of new services and products and the improvement of those currently provided by the Company is carried out continuously. Development cost additions in the year relate to internally generated software development costs of £1,797,273 (2025 - £1,570,164). There were additions of £159,593 in the year relating to externally acquired intellectual property (2025 - £200,894).

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:
 
∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and

∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.

Auditors

Under section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006, Armstrong Watson Audit Limited will be deemed to have been reappointed as auditors 28 days after these financial statements were sent to members or 28 days after the latest date prescribed for filing the accounts with the registrar, whichever is earlier.

Small Companies Regime

The Director's Report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to small companies exemption.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





H J W Ropner
Director

Date: 18 September 2026

Page 2

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of BESA Publications Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 28 February 2026, which comprise the Statement of comprehensive income, the Balance sheet, the Statement of changes in equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 28 February 2026 and of its profit for the year then ended;
∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Page 3

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


∙the information given in the Directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Directors' report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Directors' report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement set out on page 1, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 4

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud
Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' report.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Joanna Gray (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of
Armstrong Watson Audit Limited
Chartered Accountant and statutory auditor
Carlisle

22 September 2026
Page 5

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2026
2025
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
11,246,253
9,133,083

Cost of sales
  
(1,167,779)
(930,538)

Gross profit
  
10,078,474
8,202,545

Administrative expenses
  
(8,093,080)
(6,284,788)

Operating profit
  
1,985,394
1,917,757

Interest receivable and similar income
  
8,109
4,653

Profit before tax
  
1,993,503
1,922,410

Tax on profit
 7 
(373,686)
(786,447)

Profit for the financial year
  
1,619,817
1,135,963

  

Total comprehensive income for the year
  
1,619,817
1,135,963

The notes on pages 9 to 21 form part of these financial statements.

Page 6

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 03034318

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2026
2025
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 9 
4,244,373
2,953,023

Tangible assets
 10 
5,216
3,354

  
4,249,589
2,956,377

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 11 
10,302,409
7,275,984

Cash at bank and in hand
 12 
120,142
130,468

  
10,422,551
7,406,452

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 13 
(11,190,992)
(7,668,431)

Net current liabilities
  
 
 
(768,441)
 
 
(261,979)

Total assets less current liabilities
  
3,481,148
2,694,398

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
  
(242,694)
(253,489)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
  
(626,572)
(288,583)

  
 
 
(626,572)
 
 
(288,583)

Net assets
  
2,611,882
2,152,326


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
  
111,732
111,732

Share premium account
 17 
10,494
10,494

Share based payment reserve
 17 
215,993
76,254

Profit and loss account
 17 
2,273,663
1,953,846

  
2,611,882
2,152,326


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




H J W Ropner
Director

Date: 18 September 2026

The notes on pages 9 to 21 form part of these financial statements.

Page 7

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Share Based Payment Reserve
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£
£


At 1 March 2024
111,732
-
52,197
1,938,973
2,102,902



Profit for the year
-
-
-
1,135,963
1,135,963

Share based payment reserve
-
-
24,057
-
24,057
Total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
24,057
1,135,963
1,160,020

Dividends: Equity capital
-
-
-
(1,121,090)
(1,121,090)

Shares issued during the year
583
10,494
-
-
11,077

Purchase of own shares
(583)
-
-
-
(583)



At 1 March 2025
111,732
10,494
76,254
1,953,846
2,152,326



Profit for the year
-
-
-
1,619,817
1,619,817

Share based payment reserve
-
-
139,739
-
139,739
Total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
139,739
1,619,817
1,759,556

Dividends: Equity capital
-
-
-
(1,300,000)
(1,300,000)


At 28 February 2026
111,732
10,494
215,993
2,273,663
2,611,882


The notes on pages 9 to 21 form part of these financial statements.

Page 8

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

1.


General information

BESA Publications Limited (‘the Company’) is a limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom and registered in England and Wales.  The address of its registered office and principal place of business is:
Old Mansion House, Eamont Bridge, Penrith, Cumbria, CA10 2BX
The principal activity of the Company is the sale of property maintenance software.
These financial statements have been presented in pound sterling which is the functional currency of the Company.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006. The disclosure requirements of Section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view.

 
2.2

Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The Company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by the FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland":
∙the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows;
∙the requirements of Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation paragraph 3.17(d);
∙the requirements of Section 11 Financial Instruments paragraphs 11.42, 11.44 to 11.45, 11.47, 11.48(a)(iii), 11.48(a)(iv), 11.48(b) and 11.48(c);
∙the requirements of Section 12 Other Financial Instruments paragraphs 12.26 to 12.27, 12.29(a), 12.29(b) and 12.29A;
∙the requirements of Section 33 Related Party Disclosures paragraph 33.7.

This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of [Enter Parent entity here] as at [Enter Year end here] and these financial statements may be obtained from [Enter location here].

 
2.3

Going concern

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Directors have considered the various business risks applicable to the Company and have assessed the level of potential uncertainty in relation to the financial projections for a period of at least twelve months from the date of signing of the financial statements.
Based on this assessment, the Directors consider that the Company has an appropriate level of liquidity to meet the demands of the business and has therefore continued to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Page 9

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.4

Revenue

 is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.  is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Rendering of services

 from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
∙the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
∙it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
∙the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
∙the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

 
2.5

Interest income

Interest income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest rate method.

 
2.6

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Balance sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

 
2.7

Share-based payments

The cost and corresponding increase in equity in respect of equity-settled share-based payment transactions with employees are measured by reference to the fair value of equity instruments issued at the date of grant.  Amounts are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions.  The cost and fair value of the liability incurred in respect of cash-settled transactions is measured using an appropriate option pricing model with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the period.

Page 10

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.8

Current and deferred taxation

Tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax currently payable, relating to UK corporation tax, is calculated on the basis of the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is recognised on all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the reporting date. Transactions or events that result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay less tax in the future gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset. Timing differences are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the financial statements that arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements.

Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference. The tax expense is recognised in the same component of comprehensive income or equity as the transaction or other event that resulted in the tax expense.

Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that, on the basis of all available evidence, it is deemed probable that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying timing differences can be deducted.

Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and there is the intention either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.


 
2.9

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. The Company recognises an intangible asset in respect of development expenditure when it can demonstrate:
∙its technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
∙its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
∙its ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
∙how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits. Among other things, the Company can demonstrate the existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or, if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;
∙the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and
∙its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. 

Amortisation of capitalised development expenditure does not commence until the asset is available for use.  All expenditure not meeting the criteria set out above is considered to form part of the 'research' phase, and is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.
The periods amortised over are as follows:
Development expenditure 4 - 7 years

Page 11

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.10

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Fixtures and fittings
-
25%

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.11

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.12

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

 
2.13

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.14

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.15

Leases

Rental costs under operating leases are charged in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in equal annual amounts over the period of the lease.

Page 12

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.16

Financial instruments

Impairment of financial assets

 
2.17

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.


3.


Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In applying the Company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions in determining the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The directors’ judgements, estimates and assumptions are based on the best and most reliable evidence available at the time when the decisions are made, and are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be applicable. Due to the inherent subjectivity involved in making such judgements, estimates and assumptions, the actual results and outcomes may differ.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both current and future periods.
 
Accounting judgements
The critical accounting judgements made in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are discussed below:
 
∙Development expenditure
Development expenditure is capitalised in accordance with the accounting policy given in note 2.9 to these financial statements. Initial capitalisation of costs is based on management’s judgement that technical and economic feasibility is confirmed, usually when a product development project has reached a defined milestone according to an established project management model. In determining the amounts to be capitalised management makes assumptions regarding the expected future cash generation of the assets and the expected period of benefits.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
 
∙Intangible assets
Intangible assets are amortised over their useful lives taking into account residual values, where appropriate. The actual lives of the assets and residual values are assessed annually and may vary depending on a number of factors. In reassessing asset lives, factors such as technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance programmes are taken into account. Residual value assessments consider issues such as future market conditions and the remaining life of the asset.
 

Page 13

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

3.Judgments in applying accounting policies (continued)

∙Share based payments
Equity-settled arrangements are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value is then expensed over the vesting period using a weighting methodology that follows the probability of exit.
The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met.
The shares issued are valued using the Monte Carlo model. This model requires a number of assumptions to be made including the volatility of the share price, expected dividend yield and the expected period to exercise. The key assumptions are detailed in note 18.


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2026
2025
£
£

Subscriptions to online software and literature
11,246,253
9,133,083

11,246,253
9,133,083


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2026
2025
£
£

United Kingdom
10,713,140
8,681,025

Rest of Europe
148,179
129,964

Rest of the world
384,934
322,094

11,246,253
9,133,083



5.


Employees

During the year, there has been a change in the composition of the company's workforce following the transfer of employees from a fellow group undertaking, Welplan Limited, to BESA Publications Limited with effect from 1 March 2025.
As a result of this transfer, the average number of employees has increased compared to the prior year. The average monthly number of employees, during the year was 83 (2025 - nil).

Page 14

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

6.


Directors' remuneration

2026
2025
£
£

Directors' emoluments
11,750
-


In 2023 8,380 newly allotted ordinary B shares were issued to 4 directors for qualifying services under a long-term incentive scheme. Shares were issued at their fair value being equal to their nominal value of £1. The directors provided cash consideration equal to the fair value in exchange for these shares. During the year no new shares (2025: Nil) were allotted to directors. The directors provided cash consideration equal to the fair value in exchange for these shares. During the year £99,814 (2025: £19,643) was expensed to the statement of comprehensive income in relation to the share incentive scheme.


7.


Taxation


2026
2025
£
£

Corporation tax


Group relief payable
452,593
516,553

Group relief relating to prior year
(416,896)
(18,689)


35,697
497,864


Total current tax
35,697
497,864

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
132,756
288,583

Adjustments in respect of prior periods
205,233
-

Total deferred tax
337,989
288,583


Tax on profit
373,686
786,447
Page 15

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026
 
7.Taxation (continued)


Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is lower than (2025 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%). The differences are explained below:

2026
2025
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
1,993,503
1,922,410


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2025 - 25%)
498,376
480,602

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
37,723
10,089

Adjustment in research and development tax credit leading to an increase (decrease) in the tax charge
49,250
-

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of 
previous periods - deferred tax
205,233
-

Group relief
(35,697)
(497,864)

Payment for group relief
35,697
497,864

Adjustment in relation of prior periods
(416,896)
295,756

Total tax charge for the year
373,686
786,447


8.


Dividends

2026
2025
£
£


Final dividend paid of £13.00 (2025 - £11.21) per share
1,300,000
1,121,090

1,300,000
1,121,090

Page 16

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

9.


Intangible assets




Development expenditure

£



Cost


At 1 March 2025
4,032,095


Additions - internal
1,956,866



At 28 February 2026

5,988,961



Amortisation


At 1 March 2025
1,079,072


Charge for the year on owned assets
665,516



At 28 February 2026

1,744,588



Net book value



At 28 February 2026
4,244,373



At 28 February 2025
2,953,023

Development cost additions in the year relate to internally generated software development costs of £1,797,273 (2025 - £1,570,164). There were additions of £159,593 in the year relating to externally acquired intellectual property (2025 - £200,894).


Page 17

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

10.


Tangible fixed assets


Fixtures and fittings

£



Cost or valuation


At 1 March 2025
4,259


Additions
3,559



At 28 February 2026

7,818



Depreciation


At 1 March 2025
905


Charge for the year on owned assets
1,697



At 28 February 2026

2,602



Net book value



At 28 February 2026
5,216



At 28 February 2025
3,354


11.


Debtors

2026
2025
£
£


Trade debtors
5,031,334
3,213,770

Amounts owed by group undertakings
4,790,017
3,787,888

Other debtors
90,687
10,991

Prepayments and accrued income
390,371
263,335

10,302,409
7,275,984


Amounts owed to parent and group undertakings are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.


12.


Cash and cash equivalents

2026
2025
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
120,142
130,468


Page 18

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

13.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2026
2025
£
£

Trade creditors
325,969
107,111

Amounts owed to group undertakings
459,691
527,540

Other taxation and social security
749,412
158,460

Other creditors
53,378
3,012

Accruals and deferred income
9,602,542
6,872,308

11,190,992
7,668,431


Amounts owed by parent and group undertakings are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.


14.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

2026
2025
£
£

Accruals and deferred income
242,694
253,489



15.


Deferred taxation




2026
2025


£

£






At beginning of year
288,583
-


Charged to profit or loss
337,989
288,583



At end of year
626,572
288,583

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2026
2025
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
639,917
288,583

Short term timing differences
(13,345)
-

Page 19

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

16.


Share capital

2026
2025
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



100,000 (2025 - 100,000) Ordinary A shares of £1.00 each
100,000
100,000
11,732 (2025 - 11,732) Ordinary B shares of £1.00 each
11,732
11,732

111,732

111,732

The Company has two classes of ordinary shares in issue at the year-end date.
Both classes of shares confer voting rights to the holder and neither provide any rights to redemption.
Ordinary A shares confer to the holder the right to a share of any dividend resolved to be paid by the board, to be distributed pro rata to the number of ordinary A shares held by them. In the circumstance of an exit event, the holders of ordinary A shares are entitled to all proceeds up to a threshold value and thereafter a share of proceeds pro rata to the number of ordinary shares held by them.
Ordinary B shares do not confer to the holder any right to a dividend. In the circumstance of an exit event, the holders of ordinary B shares are entitled to a share of proceeds in excess of a threshold value. Ordinary B shares vest according to length of employment with the Company, with all shares fully vested over three years. In the event that a holder of B shares becomes a leaver during the vesting period, the holder may be obliged to transfer some or all unvested shares back to the Company.
In the year ending 28 February 2025, the company redeemed 583 £1 Ordinary B shares at nominal value. The company also issued 583 £1 Ordinary B shares at a premium of £18 per share. This created a share premium account of £10,494.



17.


Reserves

Share premium account

The share premium account represents the amount received by the company for shares issued above their nominal value.

Share based payments reserve

This reserve represents the cumulative amount expenses through the profit and loss account in relation to Equity settled share based payments.

Profit and loss account

This reserve represents the cumulative profits and losses.

Page 20

 
BESA PUBLICATIONS LIMITED
 

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2026

18.


Share-based payments

Equity settled share based payments
In the financial year ended 28 February 2023 the company granted 11,732 B shares to certain employees.
The valuation of the shares was determined using the share pricing method based on Monte Carlo model on issue date.






Equity settled B Shares

Option pricing model

Monte Carlo
 
Weighted average share price

£18.41
 
Expected volatility

31.3%
 
Expected dividend growth rate

0%
 
Risk-free interest rate

4.31%
 



2026

2025

Equity-settled schemes

139,739

24,057
 
139,739

24,057
 


19.


Commitments under operating leases

At 28 February 2026 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2026
2025
£
£


Not later than 1 year
7,300
138,700

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
-
51,100

7,300
189,800


20.


Controlling party

The immediate parent undertaking is B&ESA Limited, a company registered in England, B&ESA Limited, Old Mansion House, Eamont Bridge, Penrith, Cumbria, CA10 2BX.
The ultimate parent undertaking is the Building Engineering Services Association, a registered trade and employers association operating in the United Kingdom.
The ultimate controlling party is considered to be the Building Engineering Services Association.

Page 21