Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods, usually when goods are delivered and legal title has passed. Providing the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the company and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transition can be measured reliably.

Revenue from the rendering of services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of a contract is measured by comparing the costs incurred for work performed to date to the total estimated contract costs. Turnover is only recognised to the extent of recoverable expenses when the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably.

Current tax represents the amount of tax payable (receivable) in respect of taxable profit (loss) for the current, or past, reporting periods. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid (recovered) using the tax rates and laws which have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the balance sheet date. Where payments to HM Revenue and Customs exceed liabilities owed, an asset is recognised to the extent of the amount of tax recoverable.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences between the recognition of income and expenses in the financial statements and their inclusion in tax assessments. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference, except for revalued land and investment property where the tax rate that applies to the sale of the asset is used. Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

The directors assess the company's tangible assets for evidence of impairment at each reporting date. Where there are indicators of impairment, the directors calculate recoverable amount of the asset(s) and compare this with the carrying amount. If the recoverable amount is lower than carrying amount, the asset is written down to recoverable amount by way of an impairment loss which is recognised in profit or loss for the period.

Impairment losses are reversed when there is evidence that the reasons giving rise to the original impairment have ceased to apply. Impairment losses are reversed through profit and loss but only to the extent that the reversal does not increase the carrying amount of the asset to the amount which would have been stated, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. At each reporting date, inventories are assessed for impairment. If an item of inventory is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell, and the impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement. When inventories are sold, the carrying amount is recognised as an expense in the period in which the related revenue is recognised.

For long-term contracts where the company provides services or bespoke goods, work in progress is recognised as a contract asset. These are measured by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting date, based on the progress made towards the complete satisfaction of the performance obligations.

A related party is a person or entity that is related to the company. This includes individuals with control or significant influence, members of key management personnel, and entities within the same group. All transactions with related parties are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. Disclosure includes the nature of the related party relationship, the amount of the transactions, and any outstanding balances and commitments at the reporting date. As permitted by FRS 102, disclosure is not required of transactions entered into between two or more members of a group, provided that any subsidiary which is a party to the transaction is wholly owned by such a member.