Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument and are classified in accordance with their underlying economic reality. The company has two main categories of financial instruments, which are loans and other receivables and other financial liabilities:
Loans and other receivables
Loans and other receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Upon recognition, these assets are measured at fair value less directly related transaction expenses. In successive periods these are measured at amortised cost, and any differences between acquisition cost and redemption value is accounted for over the borrowing period by using the effective interest method. If transaction costs are immaterial and the credit period is short, amortised cost is equal to the nominal value less any allowance for credit losses.
Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. In successive periods these are measured at amortised cost. Any differences between acquisition cost and redemption value is accounted for over the borrowing period by using the effective interest method. If transaction costs are immaterial and the credit period is short, amortised cost is equal to the nominal value.
Impairment of financial instruments
Aprovision for impairment is established when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition, the estimated future cash flows have been impacted