The accounts have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with FRS 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (as applied to small entities by Section 1A of the standard).  
The transition from FRS 105 to FRS 102 (section 1A) as at 1 April 2024 has resulted in a reduction in reserves due to the provision of deferred tax liability.  

The director believes that the company is experiencing good levels of sales growth and profitability in the current period, and that it is well placed to manage its business risks successfully over the next 12 months. Accordingly, they have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements despite a negative balance sheet position.

Turnover comprises the invoiced value of goods and services supplied by the company, net of Value Added Tax and trade discounts.

Rentals payable under operating leases are charged against income on a straight line basis over the lease term.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the statement of financial position date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. All foreign exchange differences are included to the income statement.

Taxation represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the statement of income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in capital and reserves.
The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.
Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.
Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Proposed dividends are only included as liabilities in the statement of financial position when their payment has been approved by the shareholders prior to the statement of financial position date.

Intangible assets (including purchased goodwill and patents) are amortised at rates calculated to write off the assets on a straight line basis over their estimated useful economic lives. Impairment of intangible assets is only reviewed where circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable.

Tangible fixed assets, other than freehold land, are stated at cost or valuation less depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost or valuation of fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following basis:

Stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value after making due allowance for obsolete and slow moving items. Cost includes all direct costs and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads.

Provisions are recognised when the company has a present obligation as a result of a past event which it is more probable than not will result in an outflow of economic benefits that can be reasonably estimated.

The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.