for the financial year ended 31 January 2026
1. Accounting policies
Basis of preparation and statement of compliance
The financial statements of the company for the financial year ended 31 January 2026 have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A (Small Entities) and the Companies Act 2006.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified by the revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities and investment properties measured at fair value through profit and loss. The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the entity.
The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the company's financial statements.
Turnover
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods supplied and services rendered, net of discounts and Value Added Tax. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the buyer (usually on despatch of the goods); the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; it is probable that the associated economic benefits will flow to the entity; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transactions can be measured reliably.
Interest income and finance costs
Interest income and interest payable are recognised in profit or loss as they accrue, using the effective interest method.
Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs relating to the acquisition of assets are capitalised at the appropriate rate by adding them to the cost of assets being acquired. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on the assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
Pensions and other employee benefits
The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund. When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the end of the reporting date in which the employees render the related service, the liability is measured on a discounted present value basis. The unwinding of the discount is recognised in finance costs in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
Taxation
Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the financial year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Statement of Financial Position date. Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial Position date.
Tangible fixed assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost or at valuation, less accumulated depreciation. The charge to depreciation is calculated to write off the original cost or valuation of tangible assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives as follows:
Plant and machinery - 15% reducing balance
Fixtures, fittings and equipment - 15% reducing balance
Motor vehicles - 15% reducing balance
The carrying values of tangible fixed assets are reviewed annually for impairment in periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date the company assesses whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If there is, the recoverable amount (the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use) is estimated and any shortfall below carrying amount is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss.
An impairment loss is reversed if the reasons for it have ceased to apply, but not above the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment been recognised.
Stocks
Stocks are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Costs include all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.
Debtors
Trade and other debtors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts except where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. In such cases the receivables are stated at cost less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Creditors
Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.
Financial instruments
A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.
Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Where investments in non-convertible preference shares and non-puttable ordinary shares or preference shares are publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably, the investment is subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. All other such investments are subsequently measured at cost less impairment.
Other financial instruments, including derivates, are initially recognised fair value, unless payment for an asset is deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate, in which case the asset is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.
Other financial instruments are subsequently measured at fair value, with any changes recognised in profit or loss, with the exception of hedging instruments in a designated hedging relationship. Financial assets that are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment. Other financial assets are either assessed individually or grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. Any reversal of impairment are recognised in profit or loss immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result in a carrying amount of the financial asset that exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the company has a present legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the same value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.
Foreign currency
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the Statement of Financial Position date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. The resulting exchange differences are dealt with in the Income Statement.
Share capital, reserves and dividends
The ordinary share capital of the company is presented as equity.