Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from the profit reported in the statement of comprehensive income due to items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in different periods and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their corresponding tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the timing differences can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss for the year, except where they relate to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.