The company has chosen to apply the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments. The company only enters into basic financial instruments transactions. These result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities such as trade and other debtors and creditors, loans from banks, and loans to related parties.
Financial assets
Basic financial assets are initially recognised at transaction price. This includes trade debtors, amounts owed by the director and other related parties, and cash and bank balances. Where the arrangement is a financing transaction, they are initially measured at the present value of the future receipts, discounted at a market rate of interest. They are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Loans advanced to the director and to related parties are interest-bearing and repayable on demand. They are therefore classified as due within one year and measured at the amount receivable.
At the end of each reporting period, financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The loss is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement is a financing transaction. They include trade creditors, accruals, other creditors and bank loans. In a financing transaction, the liability is measured at the present value of the future payments, discounted at a market rate of interest.
Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. They are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. Otherwise they are presented as non-current liabilities.
Interest-bearing bank loans are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest recognised in profit or loss as a finance cost.
Derecognition
Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire or are settled. They are also derecognised when substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to another party. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.
Offsetting
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet only where:
- there is a currently enforceable legal right to set off the recognised amounts, and
- there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.