Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services.

Revenue from the provision of services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided when all of the following conditions are satisfied; the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; the stage of completion of the transaction at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably and the costs incurred and costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably.

Deferred taxation is provided on the liability method to take account of timing differences between the treatment of certain items for accounts purposes and their treatment for tax purposes.

Tax deferred or accelerated is accounted for in respect of all material timing differences, in particular accelerated capital allowances and revaluation gains on investment properties. All deferred tax is charged/(credited) to the Income Statement.

A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date.

Fixed asset investments are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Listed investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value being recognised in profit or loss.