The taxation expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current or deferred tax for the year is recognised in profit or loss, except when they related to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the profit and loss account because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date, except as otherwise required by Section 29 of FRS 102. Timing differences are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the financial statements. They arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements.
Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing differences. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.
Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.
At the balance sheet date the company has unused trading losses available to carry forward. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of these losses, net of the deferred tax liabilities arising on capitalised development costs and accelerated capital allowances, because there is insufficient certainty about the timing of future taxable profits against which they could be utilised.